高分悬赏英文翻译，回答满意再加50到100分

高分悬赏英文翻译，回答满意再加50到100分~

decisions under risk
风险决策
There is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The
没有什么能担保预期的未来和实际的未来相一致。
physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from their
人类一系列行动所依赖的自然和经济要素，由于某些巧合因素，可能与它们的预期值有所出入，
estimated values because of chance causes. Not only are the estimates of future costs
不仅对未来的预期成本错综复杂，
problematical but ,in addition, the anticipated future worth of most ventures is known only with
而且，大部分风险投资的未来预期价值也只是通过保险额度获知。
a degree of assurance. This lack of certainty about the future makes decision making one of
对未来的确定性的匮乏使得决策制定成为对个体，行业，政府而言最具
the most challenging tasks faced by individuals ,industry ,and government.
挑战性的任务之一
Decision making under risk occurs when he decision maker does not suppress
当决策制定者意识到(承认)对未来的认知并不完整，相应的风险存在，
acknowledged ignorance about the future but makes it explicit through the assignment of
风险决策制定就会有其用武之地。
probabilities ,such probabilities may be based on experimental evidence , expert opinion
通过基于实验证据，专家观点，主观判断或者以上组合的方式给出的可能性评估，来帮助决策制定者制定详尽完善的决策。
,subjective judgment ,or a combination of these.
Consider the following example. A computer systems firm has the opportunity to bid on two
考虑下面列子。一个计算机系统公司有机会参与两个
related contracts being advertised by a municipality. The first pertains to the selection and
受到当地政府推广关联商业合同的投标。第一份合同涉及
installation of hardware for a central computing facility together with required software. The
一个中心计算设备的硬件的选型和安装及相关软件的处理。第二份合同
second involves the development of a distributed computing network involving the selection
包含一个分布式计算网络的研发，当中同样涉及相关硬件和软件的选型和安装。
and installation of hardware and software. The firm may be awarded either contract C1 or
该公司可能拿到两个合同当中的一个，或者拿到全部的合同，因此，存在三种可能的结局。
contract C2, or both contract C1 and C2. Thus, there are three possible futures.
Careful consideration of the possible approaches leads to the identification of five
经过对可能的处理方式的仔细考虑后，产生五种选择以待决策。
alternatives. The first is for the firm to subcontract the hardware selection and installation, but
对于该公司，第一种选择是将硬件选型和安装转包给其他公司，自己研发其中的软件部分；
to develop the software itself. The second is for the firm to subcontract the software
第二种选择是将软件研发部分转包给其他公司，
development, but to select and install the hardware itself. The third is for the firm to handle
自己负责硬件的选型和安装工作；第三种选择是自己公司处理全部的硬件和软件业务；
both the hardware and software tasks itself. The fourth is for the firm to bid jointly with a
第四种选择是联合一家其他公司来竞投标全部的硬件和软件项目；
partner firm on both the hardware and software projects. The fifth alternative is for the firm to
第五种选择是将硬件和软件业务全部转包给其他公司，
serve only as project manager, subcontracting all hardware and software tasks.
自己担当项目经理人的角色。
With the possible futures and various alternatives identified, the next step is to determine
在对未来可能的选择和不同选择的罗列和甄别之后，接下来便是确定收益值
payoff values.

Strengthening the protection of geographical indications. is not only the TRIPS requirements. but also to protect our own interests and needs. For China to the protection of geographical indications system to do Express compliant with the TRIPS requirements, and catch up with international standards, in addition to the operator, should regulate the use, Geographical Indications consciously safeguard the image and credibility, the State legislature and the responsibility of law enforcement departments, but its role is irreplaceable. I believe that the state should proceed immediately to the following aspects :
1．1. 制定系统科学的法律、法规.目前世界各国保护地理标志的法律形式和具体内容存在较大差异.英美法系国家，一般将地理标志的保护纳人商标法的保护体系，规定地理标志可以作为证明商标获得注册并取得保护;法国等国家采用特别法的形式保护地理标志，专门制定了相关的法律、法规;德、日等国以反不正当竞争法来调整地理标志的使用和保护；除此以外，许多国家的海关法、贸易法也对假冒地理标志商品的进出口有特别规定，国际社会也制定了一系列包含或专门规定地理标志保护的国际公约，如《巴黎公约》、《马德里协定》、《里斯本协定》以及TRIPS。Develop the legal system science, regulations. At present, countries in the world to protect geographical indications of legal form and substance there is a big difference. common law countries, generally the protection of geographical indications were satisfied that the trademark protection system, provides geographical indications can be used as a certification trademark to be registered and obtained protection; France and other countries in the form of a special law to protect geographical indications, specifically formulated relevant laws and regulations; Germany, Japan and other countries with anti - unfair competition law to regulate the use of geographical indications and protection; In addition, many of the customs law, UNCITRAL also fake geographical indications to the import and export of goods specified, The international community has also formulated a series of special provisions contained or geographical indications protection of international conventions, such as the "Paris Convention" "Madrid Agreement," the "Lisbon Agreement" and TRIPS. 上述各国法律和国际公约，给我国立法机关制定相应的法律、法规提供了参考依据和选择机会.Above national laws and international conventions, China's legislature to formulate relevant laws, regulations provide reference information and choices.
笔者认为，从国际上比较通行的做法和成功经脸来看，我国选择将地理标志的保护纳入商标法的调整体系较为妥当.这一方面要在商标法中增加允许地理标志作为证明商标申请注册以及申请注册的条件和程序的规定，另一方面还要对现行商标法第8条第2款内容进行修改，明确规定已经依法作为地理标志使用的地名不得作为普通商标使用.In my opinion, from the more common international practices and successful face, My choice of geographical indications protection into Trademark adjustment system would be more appropriate. In this regard the trademark to increase agreed Xu geographical indications as proof registered trademark applications for registration and the conditions and procedures, on the other hand, but also the current Trademark Law Article 8, paragraph 2, as amended. the law has clear provisions as a geographical indication of the use of place names may not be used for ordinary use of the trademark.
2．2. 建立地理标志的注册登记制度.地理标志之所以成为受到保护的工业产权，原因在于它代表了产品的质量和特点，是一种集体信誉的载体，因而将地理标志作为证明产品原产地、质量或特性的证明商标加以调整和保护是完全可行的。The establishment of geographical indications registration system. Geographical indications protection has become the industrial property, The reason is that it represents the quality of products and features, is a collective credibility of the carrier, result of geographical indications as to prove that the products of origin, the quality or character proved to be adjusted and trademark protection is totally feasible. 我国可以建立地理标志注册登记制度、具体涉及下面几方面的问题:China can establish geographical indication registration system, specifically the following several aspects :
一是注册登记的主体。One of the main registration. 地理标志是原产地内特定商品的生产者共同享有的集体权利，符合条件的生产者享有平等的使用权，不能由其中的某个或某些生产者垄断，因此，地理标志的注册登记主体不能是产地内的某个企业或个人当无异议.有人主张由政府的产品质量监督部门或工商行政管理部门作为注册人，但笔者认为不妥，理由在于：一地理标志权是一种民事权利，应由民事主体享有；二是当工商部门作为注册人时，使注册申请人和注册批准人合二为一，其不合理性更是显而易见；注册人取得注册后，可能出现注册人自己处罚自己的不正常现象。Geographical indications of origin within specific commodity producers enjoy the collective rights eligible producers have equal right to use, and not by the producer or a monopoly, therefore, geographical indications registration is not the main origin of a particular enterprise or individual when no objection. It was advocated by the government's products quality supervision departments of industry and commerce administration departments or as a registered person, but the author thinks is wrong with the ground is : a geographical indications right is a civil right should be subject to civil; Second, when the business sector as a registered person, so registered applicants were approved for registration and merged its irrational nature is obvious; Registration obtain registration, possible registered themselves punished their lack of a normal phenomenon. 故笔者认为应在地理标志所在地组建行业协会，作为使用该地理标志产品行业的自律性组织，并由其作为注册人向有关机关申请注册登记.I think it should be the geographical location of the formation signs trade associations, As the use of the geographical indications products industry self-regulatory organizations, As with its registered to the relevant authorities for registration.
二是注册登记的条件。2 is the registration conditions. 能够作为证明商标注册登记的地理标志应当是其指示的商品具有上佳的质量和显著的特点，并在相当地城内和相关公众中赢得良好信誉.地理标志的信誉和产品的质量、特点是否达到了可以注册登记的条件，应当经过客观、公正的市场调查后得出。To be able to prove that the trademark registration of geographical indications should be indicative of its merchandise is good quality and significant features, and the lack of relevant to the public and the city has won good reputation. Geographical Indications of credibility and the quality of products, whether the features can be registered, and should be based on objective and impartial investigation reached the market. 一般地说，只要地理标志在注册登记地的行政区域范围内具有普遍的影响力。Generally speaking, as long as geographical indications in the registration of the administrative regions within the scope of universal influence. 得到大多数消费者的青睐，就应准于注册登记.The majority of consumers favor, it shall be allowed to register.
三是注册登记的程序。3 is the registration process. 证明商标的注册登记程序应比普通商标更简便、申请人按规定提交注册申请书及其他必备的证明材料、经注册行政机关审核后，凡符合法定条件的即可准予注册登记.为防止注册人不当注册给他人造成损害，应给予利害关系人在一定期限内提出异议或请求撤消的权利.对注册机关的最终处理决定不服的，按我国现行商标法的规定，当事人无权请求司法介入，这是不符合TRIPS要求的。Prove that the trademark registration procedures should be more than an ordinary trademark simple, applicants were required to submit registration applications and other necessary documentation, the registered executive assessment, Where compliance with the statutory requirements will be granted registration. To prevent the improper registration of a registered person to cause harm to others, interested persons should be given within a certain period of time raise objections or the right to withdraw the request. Registration for the final disposal authorities decided not to clothing, according to the existing Trademark Law of China stipulates that the parties have no right to request for judicial intervention, This is not compliant with the TRIPS requirements. 故笔者认为应允许当事人向人民法院起诉.Therefore, I think we should allow the parties to a people's court.

decisions under risk
风险决策
There is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The
没有什么能担保预期的未来和实际的未来相一致。
physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from their
人类一系列行动所依赖的自然和经济要素，由于某些巧合因素，可能与它们的预期值有所出入，
estimated values because of chance causes. Not only are the estimates of future costs
不仅对未来的预期成本错综复杂，
problematical but ,in addition, the anticipated future worth of most ventures is known only with
而且，大部分风险投资的未来预期价值也只是通过保险额度获知。
a degree of assurance. This lack of certainty about the future makes decision making one of
对未来的确定性的匮乏使得决策制定成为对个体，行业，政府而言最具
the most challenging tasks faced by individuals ,industry ,and government.
挑战性的任务之一
Decision making under risk occurs when he decision maker does not suppress
当决策制定者意识到(承认)对未来的认知并不完整，相应的风险存在，
acknowledged ignorance about the future but makes it explicit through the assignment of
风险决策制定就会有其用武之地。
probabilities ,such probabilities may be based on experimental evidence , expert opinion
通过基于实验证据，专家观点，主观判断或者以上组合的方式给出的可能性评估，来帮助决策制定者制定详尽完善的决策。
,subjective judgment ,or a combination of these.
Consider the following example. A computer systems firm has the opportunity to bid on two
考虑下面列子。一个计算机系统公司有机会参与两个
related contracts being advertised by a municipality. The first pertains to the selection and
受到当地政府推广关联商业合同的投标。第一份合同涉及
installation of hardware for a central computing facility together with required software. The
一个中心计算设备的硬件的选型和安装及相关软件的处理。第二份合同
second involves the development of a distributed computing network involving the selection
包含一个分布式计算网络的研发，当中同样涉及相关硬件和软件的选型和安装。
and installation of hardware and software. The firm may be awarded either contract C1 or
该公司可能拿到两个合同当中的一个，或者拿到全部的合同，因此，存在三种可能的结局。
contract C2, or both contract C1 and C2. Thus, there are three possible futures.
Careful consideration of the possible approaches leads to the identification of five
经过对可能的处理方式的仔细考虑后，产生五种选择以待决策。
alternatives. The first is for the firm to subcontract the hardware selection and installation, but
对于该公司，第一种选择是将硬件选型和安装转包给其他公司，自己研发其中的软件部分；
to develop the software itself. The second is for the firm to subcontract the software
第二种选择是将软件研发部分转包给其他公司，
development, but to select and install the hardware itself. The third is for the firm to handle
自己负责硬件的选型和安装工作；第三种选择是自己公司处理全部的硬件和软件业务；
both the hardware and software tasks itself. The fourth is for the firm to bid jointly with a
第四种选择是联合一家其他公司来竞投标全部的硬件和软件项目；
partner firm on both the hardware and software projects. The fifth alternative is for the firm to
第五种选择是将硬件和软件业务全部转包给其他公司，
serve only as project manager, subcontracting all hardware and software tasks.
自己担当项目经理人的角色。
With the possible futures and various alternatives identified, the next step is to determine
在对未来可能的选择和不同选择的罗列和甄别之后，接下来便是确定收益值
payoff values.

决策下的风险
通常很少断言预期的是和未来是相一致的，行动的过程取决于它物理和经济上的的价值，而由于运气机遇的原因，不仅在未来估算上成问题，而且对大多数的初创企业对未来的预期值也只能做一定程度的风险保证。这必然是政府，企业、个人缺乏所要面对的许多具有挑战性任务中的一个具有决定性的决策

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高分悬赏英文翻译，回答满意再加50到100分视频