奥运会的资料(英语般)

奥运会的资料(英语版)~

The Olympic Games or Olympics is an international multi-sport event taking place every four years and comprising summer and winter games. Beginning in 776 BC, they were originally held in Olympia, Greece until 393 AD. In 1896, they were revived by a French nobleman, Pierre Frèdy, Baron de Coubertin, thus beginning the era of the Modern Olympic Games.

The Summer Olympics (Games of the Olympiad) have been held every fourth year starting in 1896, except in 1916, 1940, and 1944 due to the World Wars. Greece and Australia are the only nations to have attended every Summer Olympics.

An event specifically for winter sports, the Olympic Winter Games, was first held in 1924. The first winter Olympics competitions were held as a non-Olympic sports festival, but were declared to be official Games by the International Olympic Committee in 1925. Originally these were held in the same year as the Summer Olympics, but from 1994 (the Lillehammer Games) the Winter Games and the Summer Games have been held two years apart. The Summer Olympics are more prominent and anticipated than the Winter Olympics.

Ancient Olympics
There are many legends surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. One of these associates the first Games with the ancient Greek concept of εκεχειρία (ekecheiria) or Olympic Truce. The date of the Games' inception based on the count of years in Olympiads is reconstructed as 776 BC, although scholars' opinions diverge between dates as early as 884 BC and as late as 704 BC.

From then on, the Games quickly became much more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the sixth and fifth centuries BC. The Olympics were of fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honouring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia), and Pelops, divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot race, in whose honour the games were held. The number of events increased to twenty, and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalised in poems and statues. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an 'Olympiad'. The Greeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: the sixth century BC wrestler Milo of Croton is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.

The Games gradually declined in importance as the Romans gained power in Greece. When Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, the Olympic Games were seen as a pagan festival and in discord with Christian ethics, and in 393 AD the emperor Theodosius I outlawed the Olympics, ending a thousand-year tradition.

During the ancient times normally only young men could participate. Competitors were usually naked, not only as the weather was appropriate but also as the festival was meant to be, in part, a celebration of the achievements of the human body. Upon winning the games, the victor would have not only the prestige of being in first place but would also be presented with a crown of olive leaves. The olive branch is a sign of hope and peace.

During competition for some of the events, many of the participants would use oils to keep their skin smooth, as well as provide an appealing lustre to anyone who saw them. Even though the bearing of a torch formed an integral aspect of Greek ceremonies, the ancient Olympic Games did not include it, nor was there a symbol formed by interconnecting rings. These Olympic symbols were introduced as part of the modern Olympic Games.

According to legend, King Ifitos of Elis, seeking to establish peace among warring Greeks, visited the Oracle of Delphi. There, he was advised to break the cycle of conflict every four years by replacing war with friendly athletic competition. Ifitos sought the cooperation of Kings Lycourgos of Sparta and Cleosthenes of Pisa. They agreed to a truce called “Ekeheiria” and organized the first Olympic Games at Olympia. Fighting ceased from 12 days before until 12 days after the Games, allowing athletes, artists, and spectators to travel to Olympia, participate in the Olympic Games and return to their homelands in peace.
In the early seventeenth century, an "Olympick Games" sports festival was run for several years at Chipping Campden in the English Cotswolds, and the present day local Cotswold Games trace their origin to this festival. In 1850, an "Olympian" sports festival was begun at Much Wenlock in Shropshire, England, which also continues to this day as the Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games. Later, similar events were organised in France and Greece, but these were all small-scale and certainly not international.

The interest in reviving the Olympics as an international event grew when the ruins of ancient Olympia were uncovered by German archaeologists in the mid-nineteenth century. At the same time, Baron Pierre de Coubertin was searching for a reason for the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). He thought the reason was that the French had not received proper physical education, and sought to improve this. Coubertin also sought a way to bring nations closer together, to have the youth of the world compete in sports, rather than fight in war. In 1890 he attended a festival of the Wenlock Olympian Society, and decided that the recovery of the Olympic Games would achieve both of his goals.

In a congress at the Sorbonne University, in Paris, held from June 16 to June 23, 1894 he presented his ideas to an international audience. On the last day of the congress, it was decided that the first modern Olympic Games would take place in 1896 in Athens, in the country of their birth. To organise the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was established, with the Greek Demetrius Vikelas as its first president.

The total number of athletes at the the first modern Olympic Games, less than 250, seems small by modern standards, but the games were the largest international sports event ever held until that time. The Greek officials and public were also very enthusiastic, and they even proposed to have the monopoly of organizing the Olympics. The IOC decided differently, however, and the second Olympic Games took place in Paris, France. Paris was also the first Olympic Games where women were allowed to compete.

Modern Olympics
After the initial success, the Olympics struggled. The celebrations in Paris (1900) and St. Louis (1904) were overshadowed by the world's fair exhibitions in which they were included. The so-called Intercalated Games (because of their off-year status, as 1906 is not divisible by four) were held in 1906 in Athens, as the first of an alternating series of Athens-held Olympics. '''''Although''''' originally the IOC recognised and supported these games, they are currently not recognised by the IOC as Olympic Games, which has given rise to the explanation that they were intended to mark the 10th anniversary of the modern Olympics. The 1906 Games again attracted a broad international field of participants — in 1904, 80% had been American — and great public interest, thereby marking the beginning of a rise in popularity and size of the Games.
Growth

From the 241 participants from 14 nations in 1896, the Games grew to nearly 11,100 competitors from 202 countries at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The number of competitors at the Winter Olympics is much smaller than at the Summer Games; at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, 2,400 athletes from 77 countries competed in 78 events.

The Olympics are one of the largest media events. In Sydney in 2000 there were over 16,000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television. The growth of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today. Although allowing professional athletes and attracting sponsorships from major international companies solved financial problems in the 1980s, the large number of athletes, media and spectators makes it difficult and expensive for host cities to organize the Olympics.
参考资料：http://tygzicampus.mhedu.sh.cn/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=8&id=554&star=1

奥运会Olympic Games
奥运会选拔赛Olympic Trial

国际奥委会International Olympic Committee

奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem

奥运火炬Olympic Torch

奥运会代表团Olympic Delegation

奥运村Olympic Village

组委会organization committee

开幕式opening ceremony

闭幕式closing ceremony

吉祥物mascot

颁奖台podium

The international Olympic Committee constituted itself on 23rd June 1894.

国际奥委会于1894年6月23日成立。

The Olympic symbol, the five interlocking rings, represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.

奥林匹克的标志是五个相连的圆环，它代表着五大洲的团结和全世界运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂。

The official languages of the IOC are French and English.

国际奥委会的官方语言是法语和英语。

The Olympic flame is a symbol reminiscent of the ancient Olympic Games.

奥运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征。

The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. Both take place every four years.

奥运会包括夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，它们都是每四年举办一次。

The Olympic Games shall be proclaimed open by the Head of State of the host country.

奥运会由东道国国家元首宣布开幕。

The delegation parade in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except for Greece, which leads the parade, and for the host country which brings up the rear.

代表团按东道国语言文字的字母顺序入场。希腊和东道国例外，希腊代表团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。

一、 关于第一次奥运会：

1． When was the first Olympic Games held? 第一次奥运会是何时举行的？

B.C.776 公元前776

2、.Where was it held? 第一次奥运会在哪里举行？

Olympia, Greece 希腊/奥林匹亚城

二、 关于古代奥运会

1、.which city is the religious center in the ancient Greek world?

A. .Olympia B. Spain C. the Black Sea D. Egypt

哪个城市是古希腊世界的宗教中心？A.奥林匹亚城 B. 西班牙 C.黑海 D.埃及

A. .Olympia 奥林匹亚城

2、Who could not compete in the ancient Olympics? 什么人不可以参加古代奥运会？

A. men B. boy C. women

C. women 妇女

3、At that time, what prizes did Olympic victors get? 古代奥运会上获胜的选手能得到何种奖励？

A. a crown made from olive leaves B. money C. a medal

A.一个由橄榄树叶做成的桂冠 B.钱 C.奖牌

A. a crown made from olive leaves。 一个由橄榄树叶做成的桂冠

三、关于奥运圣火：

1、Where did people get the Olympic flame for the first Olympic games?

第一次奥运会人们从哪里采集奥运圣火？

Olympia奥林匹亚城

2、What was used to light the torch at that time? 那时侯用什么点燃火炬？

The sun’s rays. 阳光

3、What does the torch relay stand for? 火炬传递意味着什么？

Spirit, knowledge and life知识，生命和精神

4、When did the Olympic Torch Relay begin? 奥运火炬传递从什么时候开始？

A．1942 B.1952 C.1962

1952

5、How many days will the torch relay last at the 28th Olympic Games?

第28界奥运会火炬传递将持续多少天？

78 days 78天

6、How many torchbearers will take part? 多少火炬手将参与这次传递？

3600

7、When will the Athens Olympic torch relay begin ?

2008奥运火炬的传递在什么时间举行？

Mar.25,2008. 2008.3.25

8、Where will the torch relay begin ? 火炬接力起点在哪？

Olympia奥林匹亚

Where will it end? 终点在哪？

Beijing 北京

四、关于奥运五环：

1、what do the five interlocked rings stand for? 奥运的五环标志是什么含义?

Africa, America, Asia, Australia and Europe./the five continents.

非洲，美洲，亚洲，大洋州和欧洲/五大洲

2、What are the colours of the five interlocked rings? 五环的颜色是什么？

Blue, black, red, yellow and green 兰色，黑色，红色，黄色和绿色

五、关于奥运理念：

1、The Olympic motto is "Swifter, Higher, Stronger." Please put it into Chinese.

把奥林匹克格言”更快、更高、更强”翻成中文。

2、What is the most important thing in the Olympic Games? 奥林匹克运动会的信条是什么？

“not to win but to take part” 重要的不是取胜，而是参加

3、What is the Olympic Spirit? 什么是奥运精神？

The Olympic Spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play.

奥运精神是: 理解, 友爱, 团结和公平.

六、关于现代第一届奥运会：

1、Who is the founder of the modern Olympic Games? 现代奥运的发起者是谁？

Coubertin 顾拜旦

2、When was the first modern Olympic Games held? 第一届现代奥运会是什么时候举行的？

1896

3、Where was the first modern Olympic Game held? 第一届现代奥运会在哪举行？

Athens.雅典

七、关于现代奥运会：

1、What do the winners receive at the modern Olympic games ?

现代奥运会获胜者会受到何种奖赏？

Gold, silver and bronze medals 金牌, 银牌和铜牌

2、How often are the Olympic games held? 奥林匹克比赛多少年举行一次？

Every four years 4年

3、How many Olympic Games have been held?

28 Games 奥运会已举行了多少届? 28届

4、What happens in the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Olympic Games?

开幕式和闭幕式有什么节目？

Music,singing, dancing and fireworks. 音乐，歌曲，舞蹈，焰火。

5、What’s the significance? 有何意义？

To discover the culture of the country hosting the Games. 发觉和表现举办国家的文化。

八、关于国际奥委会：

1、What does IOC stand for? IOC代表什么？

IOC: the International Olympic Committee (June 23, 1894,Paris)

国际奥委会，于1894年6月23日在巴黎成立。

2、Where is it located? 座落在哪里？

In Lausanne(洛桑), Switzerland 瑞士的洛桑。

3、Who is the first Chinese member of IOC? 国际奥委会的第一位中国成员是谁？

Wang Zhengting 王正廷

4、How many Chinese have been elected as IOC members?

共有多少位中国人被选为国际奥委会成员？

Before 1949,the Liberation of China, three Chinese were elected as IOC members. Kong Xiangxi(1939)was a famous one. 在1949年解放以前有三位，其中孔详熙是最有名的一位。

After the 1970s, four Chinese from the sport world were elected as IOC members. He Zhenliang is the most famous. 70年代以后，体坛有四位中国人被选为其成员，何振梁是最有名的一位。

九、关于马拉松：

1、What time can the marathon date back to? 马拉松可以追溯到何时？

It can date back to the 5th century B.C.能追溯到公元前5世纪。

2、What was Marathon then? 那时马拉松是什么？

It was a small town about 26 miles from the city of Athens in Greece.

是希腊的一个小镇，距雅典城26英里。

3、Where did the marathon come from? 马拉松运动的起源是什么？

It came from the story in the 5th century B.C. how a herald named Phidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory and died on the spot.

它起源于公元前5世纪雅典长跑运动员费迪皮迪兹的故事，他以传令官的身份从马拉松到雅典跑了26英里宣告希腊在战争中的胜利，最后却牺牲生命。

4、What’s the distance the modern Olympic marathon covered? 现代奥林匹克马拉松全程有多长？

Approximately 26 miles 大约26英里。

5、How long does it take for athletes to finish? 运动员要花多长时间跑完全程？

It usually takes over 2 hours for athletes to finish. 通常要花2个多小时。

十、中国与奥运会：

1、When did China begin to take part in the Olympic Games? 中国何时起开始参加奥运会？

China took part in the Olympic Games in 1928. 于1928年。

2、Where did China begin to take part in the Olympic Games? 中国在何地开始参加奥运会？

In Holland.在荷兰。

3、In what sports do we Chinese do best? 中国人最擅长哪些运动项目？

Badminton,(羽毛球) Diving,(跳水) Table tennis(乒乓球) Weightlifting(举重)

4、Who was China’s first medallist? 谁是中国第一个金牌获得者？

Xu Haifeng 徐海峰

5、Who won the most gold medals at the Olympic games in Chinese history?

谁在中国的奥运史上赢得了最多的金牌？

Deng yaping and Fu Mingxia. 邓亚平和伏明霞

6、Name five sports that will be included in the 28th Olympic games? 说出至少五种奥运会比赛项目

baseball; basketball; boxing; table tennis; diving, swimming, swimming and water polo

棒球，篮球，拳击, 乒乓球, 跳水、游泳, 水球,

7、What is the Beijing Olympic slogan? 北京申办奥运会的口号是什么

New Beijing, New Olympic. 新北京，新奥运

十一、关于北京奥运会标记：

1、What is the official emblem of Beijing 2008? 2008年北京奥运会的官方会徽是什么样的？

"Chinese Seal-Dancing Beijing"

2、 What does it stand for? 它象征着什么？

It stands for the name of the host city and represents a particularly significant Chinese style.

象征主办城市北京和重要的中国特色。

3、Name one of the four meanings of this emblem.

说出其四层含义之一

- Chinese culture,

- the color of red China

- Beijing welcomes friends from all over the world

- to challenge the extreme and achieve the perfect and promote the Olympic motto of "Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger).

这一设计有以下四层含义：

-----中国文化

-----红色中国

----- 北京欢迎来自世界的朋友

---- 挑战极限，挑战自我，“更快，更高，更强”。

4、会徽由奥运五环色构成，形似一个打太极拳的人形。图案如行云流水，和谐生动，充满运动感，象征世界人民团结、协作、交流、发展，携手共创新世纪；表达奥林匹克更快、更高、更强的体育精神。

Emblem

The emblem resembles a person doing "taiji" (Tai Ch'I), symbolizing gracefulness, harmony, vitality and mobility as well as unity, cooperation, exchange and development.

十二、关于第29届奥运会：

1、When will be the Opening date and Closing date for the 29th Olympic Games?

第29届奥运会什么时候开始到什么时候结束？

Aug.8,2008- Aug.21,2008 2008，8，8-----2008，8，21

2、Which Country will hold the 29th Olympic Games? 由哪个国家主办第29届奥运会？

China 中华人民共和国

3、How many competition venues will there be in Beijing for the 29th Olympic Games?

第29届奥运会将有多少比赛场地？

37

4、2008年北京奥运会主题口号正式揭晓，中文口号为：同一个世界 同一个梦想；英文口号为：One World One Dream。

5、北京奥运会的三大理念: 绿色奥运（the Green Olympics）、科技奥运（the Scientific Games）、人文奥运（People's Olympics）

奥林匹克运动是在奥林匹克主义指导下，以体育运动和4年1度的奥林匹克庆典——奥运会为主要活动内容，促进人的生理、心理和社会道德全面发展，沟通各国人民之间的相互了解，在全世界普及奥林匹克主义，维护世界和平的国际社会运动。奥林匹克运动包括以奥林匹克主义为核心的思想体系，以国际奥委会、国际单项体育联合会和各国奥委会为骨干的组织体系和以奥运会为周期的活动体系。 　　1894年6月23日，当顾拜旦与12个国家的79名代表决定成立国际奥委会、开创奥林匹克运动时， 这一壮举曾一度成为人们讽刺的对象。而在百年之后的今天，奥运会已成为普天同庆的节日，奥林匹克运动也吸引了202个国家和地区的积极参与。 　　1998年，著名的《生活》杂志刊载了历史学家精选的过去千年中最重要的1000个事件和人物，1896年顾拜旦恢复奥运会的壮举也跻身其中，被誉为千年盛事之一。 　　奥林匹克运动是人类社会的一个罕见的杰作，它将体育运动的多种功能发挥得淋漓尽致，影响力远远超出了体育的范畴，在当代世界的政治、经济、哲学、文化、艺术和新闻媒介等诸多方面产生了1系列不容忽视的影响。奥林匹克运动不仅构成了现代社会所特有的体育文化景观，以其特有的文化魅力愉悦人们的身心，更以其强烈的人文精神催人奋进，生生不已。 　　奥林匹克运动是时代的产物，工业革命大大扩展了世界各民族之间在经济、政治和文化等方面的联系，各国交往日益密切，迫切需要以各种沟通手段来加强国际间的相互了解。奥林匹克运动正是为适应这种社会需要而出现的，是人类社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。
　位于蒙特利尔奥林匹克体育馆前的五环标志
奥运五色环标志象征着5大洲团结。奥林匹克运动有1系列独特而鲜明的象征性标志，如奥林匹克标志、格言、奥运会会旗、会歌、会徽、奖牌、吉祥物等。这些标志有着丰富的文化含义，形象地体现了奥林匹克理想的价值取向和文化内涵。 　　《奥林匹克宪章》规定，奥林匹克标志、奥林匹克旗、奥林匹克格言和奥林匹克会歌的产权属于国际奥委会专有。国际奥委会可采取一切适当措施使奥林匹克标志、旗、格言和会歌在各国和国际上获得法律保护。

29times，

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奥运会的资料(英语般)视频