不同的州，美语都有那些不同口音？
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美语有各种方言么？~
下面文章有详细的地方口音分别, 但是英文的
Written English is standardized across the U.S., and in schools abroad specializing in American English, although it differs slightly from the written British-based English used in many other countries across the globe. By contrast, there is some variation in the spoken language. There are numerous recognizable regional variations (such as New York-New Jersey English), particularly in pronunciation, but also in slang vocabulary.
Most traditional sources cite General American English (occasionally referred to as Standard Midwestern) as the unofficial standard accent and dialect of American English. However, many linguists claim California English has become the de facto standard since the 1960s or 1970s due to its central role in the American entertainment industry; others argue that the entertainment industry, despite being in California, uses Midwestern. Certain features which are frequent in speakers of California English, particularly the cot-caught merger, are not often considered as part of the standard.
Regional dialects in North America are most strongly differentiated along the Eastern seaboard. The distinctive speech of important cultural centers like Boston, Massachusetts (see Boston accent), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Charleston, South Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana imposed their marks on the surrounding areas. The Connecticut River is usually regarded as the southern/western extent of New England speech, while the Potomac River generally divides a group of Northern coastal dialects from the beginning of the Coastal Southern dialect area (distinguished from the Highland Southern or South Midland dialect treated below, although outsiders often mistakenly believe that the speech in these two areas is the same); in between these two rivers several local variations exist, chief among them the one that prevails in and around New York City and northern New Jersey.
The sounds of American speech can be identified with a number of public figures: President John F. Kennedy spoke in the Boston accent, while President Jimmy Carter speaks with a Southern coastal accent. The North Midlands speech is familiar to those who have heard Neil Armstrong and John Glenn, while the South Midland speech was the speech of President Lyndon Baines Johnson. Comedians Mel Brooks and Ray Romano retain typical New York accents while Jack Black and Pauly Shore have the standard sound of southern California.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE, colloquially known as Ebonics) contains many distinctive forms.
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Eastern New England
The accents of eastern New England, including those of Boston (see Boston accent), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine (also called Down East), are characterized by a number of phenomena that distinguish them from General American (GenAm). Traditionally, these accents (with the exception of Martha's Vineyard) are non-rhotic, but this feature is slowly losing ground, especially with the vowel [ɝ]. Further, most accents in this region have not merged the vowels of father and bother, that is, the two do not rhyme, as they do in GenAm.
In general, these accents undergo the cot-caught merger, making cot and caught homophonous as /kɒt/. They also have a dwindling group of words with broad A, such as past, half, aunt, can't. Among non-rhotic speakers, the broad A is identical to the sound usually spelled ar, so that past/parsed and aunt/aren't can be homophonous pairs.
The distinction between the vowels of horse and hoarse is maintained in traditional non-rhotic New England accents as [hɒs] (with the same vowel as cot and caught) vs. [hoəs].
Words that have [ɒɹV] in RP (where V stands for any vowel), such as origin, Florida, horrible, quarrel, warren, borrow, tomorrow, sorry, sorrow, all have [ɒɹV] in eastern New England, unlike GenAm where most have [ɔɹV] (except the last four in the list, which have [ɑɹV] in GenAm as well).
The eastern New England accents have not undergone many of the vowel mergers before intervocalic [ɹ] found in General American. For example, many accents in this region preserve the distinction between [ɪəɹ] (as in nearer /nɪəɹə/) and [ɪɹ] (as in mirror /mɪɹə/), as well as the distinction between [ʌɹ] (as in hurry /hʌɹi/) and [ɜ] (as in furry /fɜɹi/).
Like some other east-coast accents as well as AAVE, some accents of eastern New England merge [oɹ] and [ʊɹ], making homophones of pairs like pour/poor, more/moor, tore/tour, cores/Coors etc.
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New York City and northern New Jersey
Main article: New York-New Jersey English
As in Eastern New England, the accents of New York City and northern New Jersey are traditionally non-rhotic. But the vowels of cot ([kɑt]) and caught ([kɔət]) are distinct; the former is distinct from that of cart (/kɑət/) only by being short and monophthongal.
The accent is well attested in American movies and television shows. Bugs Bunny and Groucho Marx both had a Brooklyn accent. The accent is often exaggerated, but it still does exist to some degree with many Brooklyn natives. A more contemporary version of this can be found on the popular television show The Sopranos, which is set in Essex County, New Jersey. However, it is important to note that the dialect portrayed on this television show does not apply to citizens of the entire state; it is a particular socio-ethnic accent.
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Mid-Atlantic Region
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Northeastern Pennsylvania
The dialect of the Wyoming Valley (including Scranton and Wilkes-Barre) is Northeast Pennsylvania English.
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Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley
Main article: Philadelphia accent
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The accent of Philadelphia and nearby parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, is probably the original ancestor of General American. It is one of the few coastal accents that is rhotic, and one of the first to merge the historical [oɹ] of hoarse, mourning with the [ɔɹ] of horse, morning. It also maintains the cot-caught contrast, unlike New England and western Pennsylvania. Nevertheless there are differences between modern Philadelphia speech and General American, some of which will be outlined here.
* "Water" is sometimes pronounced /wʊdɚ/, that is, with the vowel of wood
* As in New York-New Jersey English, but unlike General American, words like orange, horrible, etc., are pronounced with [-ɑɹ-]. See English-language vowel changes before historic r: "Tory-torrent merger".
* On is pronounced [ɔn], so that, as in the South and Midland (and unlike New York and the North) it rhymes with dawn rather than don.
* The [oʊ] of goat and boat is fronted, so it is pronounced [ɞʊ], as in the Midland and South.
* The phoneme [æ] undergoes æ-tensing in some words; fewer words have the tense [eə] in Philadelphia than in New York City.
* As in New York City and Boston, there is a three-way distinction between Mary, marry, and merry. A recent development is a merger of the vowel of merry with Murray.
* Canadian raising occurs for [aɪ] (price) but not for /aʊ/ (mouth)
* There is a split of [eɪ] (face) so at the end of a word (for example, day) it sounds like it does in Australia, while in any other position (for example, date) it is pronounced more like [i]. Commonly confused words include eight and eat, snake and sneak, slave and sleeve.
* South Philadelphia has been known for r-dropping, even though it has never been a characteristic of the rest of the region.
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Baltimore, Maryland
See the separate article on Baltimorese
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Pittsburgh
The Pittsburgh English has a number of distinctive features. Please refer to that article for more information.
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South
Main article: Southern American English
* monophthongization of [aɪ] as [aː], for example, most dialects' "I" → "Ah" in the South.
* Coastal Southern speech (also some East Coast) is non-rhotic.
* [e] and [i] merged before nasal consonants, for example "Wendy" becomes "Windy", "pen" becomes "pin", and so forth.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, [j] (the y sound) is retained before [u] after the consonants [t], [d], [θ], [s], [z], [n], and [l].
* In the Deep South, vowels tend to take the hard sound more often, for example, "on" and "own" are similar; "can't" and "ain't" and "glass" and "face" also might rhyme.
* Some verbs have alternate meanings not found in other regions. For example, 'cut' the light off, or 'mash' the buttons
In Greater Houston several words beginning with the letter H are pronounced with a y in place of the h:
* Houston becomes youston
* Humid becomes yumid (yumidity, etc.)
* Human becomes yuman (yumanity, yumankind)
* Huge becomes youge
* Humble becomes umble. The residents of Humble, Texas in the Greater Houston Area are known to use this pronunciation.
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New Orleans
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While including such characteristics of the Southern U.S. English as using "y'all" for second person plural, the New Orleans accent is so unlike the rest of the South and so similar to that of New York City that New Orleanians traveling in other parts of the USA are often mistaken for New Yorkers.
Many pronunciations are surprisingly similar to that found in New York City and northern New Jersey, presumably arising from a similar mix of immigrants. Parallels include the split of the historic short-a class into tense [eə] and lax [æ] versions, as well as pronunciation of cot and caught as [kɑt] and [kɔt]. The stereotypical New York curl-coil merger of "toity-toid street" (33rd Street) used to be a common New Orleans feature, though it has mostly receded today.
Perhaps the most distinctive New Orleans accent is locally nicknamed "yat", from a traditional greeting "Where y'at" ("Where are you at?", meaning "How are you?"). One of the most detailed phonetic depictions of an extreme "yat" accent of the early 20th century is found in the speech of the character Krazy Kat in the comic strip of the same name by George Herriman. While such extreme "yat" accents are no longer so common in the city, they can still be found in parts of Mid-City and the 9th ward, as well as in St. Bernard Parish, just east of New Orleans.
The novel A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole is generally considered the best depiction of New Orleans accents in literature.
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Central and South Florida
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The speech used in the urban and coastal areas of Central and South Florida (everything south of and including Orlando) is noticeable for not being a typical southern accent, because a large proportion of the inhabitants of the area are either natives of the Northeast (and therefore speakers of accents like New York-New Jersey English) or else native Spanish speakers (predominantly from Cuba.) The accents heard in some parts of this region, especially in older communities such as Aventura, Boca Raton, or West Palm Beach, are that of the typical New Yorker. However the southern dialect is still predominantly spoken in the rural and inland areas of Central and South Florida.
In Miami alone, as of the 2000 Census, there are over 145 different languages spoken throughout many communities in Miami and its surrounding areas. Numerically, the strongest of these is Spanish. Most people visiting Miami for the first time complain that they couldn't communicate with the locals because they didn't speak Spanish. There are even stories of going through a drive-through at a fast food restaurant and being greeted in Spanish, then French, and then English (this is likely extremely rare and confined to one specific location, however). This is especially notable on 8th street (or Calle Ocho) where almost everyone is a native Spanish speaker. This results in "Spanglish", a code-switching conglomeration of English and Spanish. "Escuche Maria, he said to meet him al taller, 'ta bien?" (Hey Maria, he said to meet him at the garage, okay?).
In terms of speakers, the next highest minority languages are, in from greatest to least, Haitian Creole, Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, Russian, and Chinese. This makes Miami a very difficult place to pinpoint any certain "accent." However, close inspection reveals the development of a distinct Miami accent, one which is strongly and not surprisingly influenced by Spanish, but not simply English spoken with a Spanish accent. It is best described as General American English modified by somewhat subtle Spanish inflections, especially in the vowels.
This developing Miami accent is spoken primarily by second and third-generation Hispanics whose first language is English. Similar to the regional accents of the Northeast and the Northern Plains, it is derived from the ethnic characteristics that shape the city's population. Although it is strongly influenced by Spanish, it is not to be confused with a heavily-accented or broken English spoken by many non-native Hispanic speakers. The Miami accent might be considered as the next evolutionary step after the thick Spanish accent of recently-arrived immigrants. Due to its limited extent and exposure, it is hard to recognize or pinpoint by those outside South Florida, and many people either identify it as a generic Spanish accent or as a flat and non-deterministic accent.
There is a possibility that this "accent" may evolve into another separate one, or disappear entirely. However, due to the steady flow of Hispanic immigration and close contact with Latin America, this accent has a good chance of persisting and better defining itself in future generations.
Overall, standard linguistic rules tend to be difficult to apply in a general sense here; thus, this analysis is mostly demographic in nature.
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Inland North
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A distinctive speech pattern is centered on the Great Lakes region. This is the Inland North dialect - the "standard Midwestern" speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century, though it has been recently modified by the northern cities vowel shift.
This area consists of western New York State (Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse), parts of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (Detroit, Ann Arbor, etc.), Cleveland, Chicago, Gary, and Southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Racine).
* By the Northern cities vowel shift, cad, cod, cawed, Ked, and cut are pronounced [keəd], [kad], [kɑd], [kʌd], and [kɔt], respectively.
* The starting point of /aʊ/ (for example, mouse, down) is pronounced noticeably in the back of the mouth ([mɑʊs], [dɑʊn]), while /aɪ/ (mice, dine) is much further front: ([maɪs], [daɪn]).
* The long-o of "bone" and "goat" is rounded and pronounced far back.
* The word "on" rhymes with "don," not with "dawn."
* Canadian raising is found in areas close to the Canadian border.
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The Midland
West of the Appalachian Mountains begins the broad zone of what is generally called "Midland" speech. This is divided into two discrete subdivisions, the North Midland that begins north of the Ohio River valley area, and the South Midland speech; sometimes the former is designated simply Midland and the latter is reckoned as Highland Southern. The North Midland speech continues to expand westward until it becomes the closely related speech of California, although in the immediate San Francisco area the speech more closely resembles that of the mid-Atlantic region.
The South Midland dialect follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moves across Arkansas and Oklahoma west of the Mississippi, and peters out in West Texas. It is a version of the Midland speech that has assimilated some coastal Southern forms, most noticeably the loss of the diphthong [ɑɪ], , which becomes [ɑː], and the second person plural pronoun "you-all" or "y'all." Unlike Coastal Southern, however, South Midland is a rhotic dialect, pronouncing /r/ wherever it has historically occurred.
Midland dialects cover of the larger parts of Ohio, Indiana, and central Illinois which are not in the Inland North, as well as Missouri, southern Iowa, northern Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska where it begins to blend into the West, and even extends into a small extreme southern parts of Michigan's lower peninsula.[1]
* In some rural areas, words like "roof" and "root" get the vowel of "book" and "hoof"
* People who pronounce "don" and "dawn" differently pronounce "on" to rhyme with "dawn" and not "don"
* St. Louis has a distinctive accent, see the section on it below.
* South Indiana has a distinctive accent, locally known as the "Hoosier Twang" (a well-known speaker is actor Jim Nabors, who played Gomer Pyle on TV and has for many years sung "Back Home In Indiana" before the Indy 500 race).
South Midlands speech is characterized by:
* monophthongization of [ai] as [aː], for example, most dialects' "I" → "Ah" in the South.
* raising of initial vowel of [au] to [æu]; the initial vowel is often lengthened and prolonged, yielding [æːw].
* nasalization of vowels, esp. diphthongs, before [n].
* raising of [æ] to [e]; can't → cain't, etc.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, glides ([j], the y sound) are inserted before [u] after the consonants [t], [d], [θ], [s], [z], [n], and [l].
* South Midlands speech is rhotic. This is the principal feature that distinguishes South Midland speech from the non-rhotic coastal Southern varieties.
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Midwest
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North Central American English
(Minnesota (esp. rural), Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota)
* As in most North American accents, [ɒ] is merged with [ɑ], so that father rhymes with bother.
* Canadian raising: see section on Canada.
* "roof", "book", and "root" all use the same vowel [ʊ]); "root" may be pronounced as rhyming with "scoot," however
* Use of German/Scandinavian "ja", pronounced as either /jaː/ or /jæː/, as an affirmative filler or emphatic; Standard U.S. English "yes" is used in formal settings to answer questions and to start an explanation.
* Tendency towards a "sing-songy" intonation (the area's earliest European settlers were primarily Scandinavian, and this has influenced the local dialect). More recently, this has been reinforced by an influx of Asians, most of whom speak tonal languages. In urban Minnesota, this variation of NCAE is referred to as "Minnewegian," a portmanteau of Minnesota and Norwegian.
* For a stereotypical (although very overdone) example, refer to the movie Fargo. For a more normative example, Garrison Keillor speaks with a typical Minnesota accent.(Note: most southern, even rural, Minnesota accents sound more like the northern Iowan accent. More distinct accents up in the northern areas are still much less de
就象我国分南北区域南方口音和北方口音是不同的,而标准的又是以北京口音为准,同样美国也是如此.
不同的州，美语都有那些不同口音？视频
相关评论：18845341039：不同的州,美语都有那些不同口音?
卢竹征答：美国口音主要是以南北区分, 但各个地方也有自己的口音, 这个地方不一定是用州来划分的, 像东北, 西北下面文章有详细的地方口音分别, 但是英文的Written English is standardized across the U.S., and in schools abroad specializing in American English, although it differs slightly from the written British-ba...
18845341039：美语有各种方言么?
卢竹征答：美语有各种方言。美国不同地方的人本来口音就有差别，类似于中国各地的方言，但相对来说由于讲的都是英语，所以区别不是太大，更接近于中国北方的人讲普通话一样，各有各的口音。美式英语在音韵上是趋于保守的。有人认为一些北美乡下的口音和伊丽莎白一世时期的英语一样。不过与当代英格兰本土口音相比，美...
18845341039：美国各地区的口音有何区别?如何区分
卢竹征答：美国有一个东西叫标准美音，英文叫GA(General American)，而真正说这种话的人仅限于美国中西部的一个很小的地区，包括爱荷华州、伊利诺伊州、密苏里州的一部分，被一部分人认为是标准的无口音的美语。并非所有人承认这个东西，有人认为东岸的费城的口音才是标准的美国口音。典型的地方口音之一是纽约波士顿...
18845341039：说一下美国几个大城市和或州的口音区别
卢竹征答：在New york，那些在纽约的人的发音偏向鼻音。像猫叫有时，不管男人还是女人。在Texas德克萨斯州，黑人居多，说的英语，咱基本上都听不出来了，浊音发音很重，在california，加利福尼亚，也就是hollywood，那里因为长期流动人口多而复杂，所以能听到各式各样的。法式的，印度试的，其实在其他地方也是~在ohio...
18845341039：加州口音是标准美语吗
卢竹征答：加州口音是标准美语。美语美国英语，分几种口音，比较特别的有纽约口音（参见wolf of wall street），南方口音（参见the help），路易斯安那（creole accent混合了法语，可以说是最不一样的），中西部口音（一般都在大农村）。加州口音基本就是标准美式口音了。美国英语简介 美国英语（American English 或 ...
18845341039：美国有哪些口音?分别有哪些特点?
卢竹征答：美国南部口音的特点就是拖长音，什么元音都拖的老长，而且词与词当中没有停顿，通通连读。再加上南方人爱用鼻音，他们的对话听起来就像两个感冒的人在聊天。事实上南方口音是很容易遭到嘲笑的。布什总统在德州度过大半生，讲话略带南方口音。著名心理节目主持人Dr.Phil McGraw是南方人，讲话口音很重。
18845341039：美国哪些地区的人美语发音比较标准?
卢竹征答：马塞诸塞州这些东北角的州。另外西部加州沿海一带，我们听他们讲话也比较多，所以也比较好听，语言就是听多了就觉得它标准的东西。美国最臭名昭著的是所谓的南方口音，典型是以露易斯安纳等南方州为首的英语，巨难听无比。。。我过去在佛罗里达，英语也不大好听，很多人讲的西班牙口音的。
18845341039：美式英语是以美国哪个地区为标准的?
卢竹征答：美式英语不太过分强调标准音，各州都会带有自己的口音和特色，类似于中国的各地方言。如果一定要说标准那就是GENERAL ENGLISH，美国播音员和演员多采用这种发音方式。美国英语大体可以分为三种口音：东部美国音、南部美国音和普通美国音。美国口音最大的特点是儿化音比较多。字母r在元音和辅音的时候都会发出...
18845341039：为什么美国人说话一个调
卢竹征答：美国也是如此 我们现在所说的美式英语是指美国东部13个州美国标准英语 类似于中国的普通话 很多美国西部人的口音相当重，比如BUSH总统就有非常重的西部口音。除了地域差异以外，美国的不同阶层中的口语也有区别，比如黑人英语，白人英语，印度英语等等等等。所以 怎么能说美国人各地口音差别不大呢 只要仔细...
18845341039：美语主要有哪几种口音它们都有什么不同?美国西部口音有什么特点?说英语...
卢竹征答：不同口音中的[æ]音拉长变化。宾夕法尼亚州到纽约市这带地方的口音中就很明显,如“Yes, I can [kæn]”和“tin can [keən]”。 在弱化元音之前,[t]和[d]音都变成齿龈轻击音,如ladder和latter几乎是同音字,也许祗能通过前面元音的拖长程度来区分。有的时候这种合并并不完全,在各地情况也不一样...
美语有各种方言。
美国不同地方的人本来口音就有差别，类似于中国各地的方言，但相对来说由于讲的都是英语，所以区别不是太大，更接近于中国北方的人讲普通话一样，各有各的口音。
美式英语在音韵上是趋于保守的。有人认为一些北美乡下的口音和伊丽莎白一世时期的英语一样。不过与当代英格兰本土口音相比，美国中西部和北部的标准美式英语在发音上还要更接近于17世纪的英语。
扩展资料：
美语各种发音区别：
美式英语发音保守的主要原因是混杂了来自不列颠群岛的各种方言。美国东岸地区因为和英格兰关系密切，以当时英国仍然处于优势地位，在英式英语发展的同时美国东岸口音也随之发生变化。美国内陆地区和英国接触相对较少，原先的口音就在很大程度上彼保留了下来了。
大多数当代北美英语都有卷舌音（又称翘舌音），字母r在辅音前也要发音；虽然当今英式英语没有卷舌音，但在17世纪时英格兰各地全是这样。受爱尔兰英语及苏格兰英语的影响，卷舌音更是进一步在美国发展。
大多数北美英语方言中，字母R的发音都是一个卷舌半元音，而不是颤音。“er”音在fur（重读）和butter（非重读）中，用国际音标标记为［ɝ］和［ɚ］，但在美式英语中是一个R色彩元音。
传统上大多数意见认为，“美国普通话”和它的口音（GeneralAmerican，有时也称“标准中西部美语”）是不成文的标准方言和口音。
不过很多语言学家宣称，从20世纪60年代或20世纪70年代起，加利福尼亚英语因着在美国娱乐业的中心地位，使之成为事实上的标准。也有人认为，娱乐业虽然在加州，但使用的仍然是中西部美语。一般认为，加利福尼亚英语中的一些特点，尤其是cot－caught合并现象，并不属于标准范畴。
standard american
----精小锐
下面文章有详细的地方口音分别, 但是英文的
Written English is standardized across the U.S., and in schools abroad specializing in American English, although it differs slightly from the written British-based English used in many other countries across the globe. By contrast, there is some variation in the spoken language. There are numerous recognizable regional variations (such as New York-New Jersey English), particularly in pronunciation, but also in slang vocabulary.
Most traditional sources cite General American English (occasionally referred to as Standard Midwestern) as the unofficial standard accent and dialect of American English. However, many linguists claim California English has become the de facto standard since the 1960s or 1970s due to its central role in the American entertainment industry; others argue that the entertainment industry, despite being in California, uses Midwestern. Certain features which are frequent in speakers of California English, particularly the cot-caught merger, are not often considered as part of the standard.
Regional dialects in North America are most strongly differentiated along the Eastern seaboard. The distinctive speech of important cultural centers like Boston, Massachusetts (see Boston accent), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Charleston, South Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana imposed their marks on the surrounding areas. The Connecticut River is usually regarded as the southern/western extent of New England speech, while the Potomac River generally divides a group of Northern coastal dialects from the beginning of the Coastal Southern dialect area (distinguished from the Highland Southern or South Midland dialect treated below, although outsiders often mistakenly believe that the speech in these two areas is the same); in between these two rivers several local variations exist, chief among them the one that prevails in and around New York City and northern New Jersey.
The sounds of American speech can be identified with a number of public figures: President John F. Kennedy spoke in the Boston accent, while President Jimmy Carter speaks with a Southern coastal accent. The North Midlands speech is familiar to those who have heard Neil Armstrong and John Glenn, while the South Midland speech was the speech of President Lyndon Baines Johnson. Comedians Mel Brooks and Ray Romano retain typical New York accents while Jack Black and Pauly Shore have the standard sound of southern California.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE, colloquially known as Ebonics) contains many distinctive forms.
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Eastern New England
The accents of eastern New England, including those of Boston (see Boston accent), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine (also called Down East), are characterized by a number of phenomena that distinguish them from General American (GenAm). Traditionally, these accents (with the exception of Martha's Vineyard) are non-rhotic, but this feature is slowly losing ground, especially with the vowel [ɝ]. Further, most accents in this region have not merged the vowels of father and bother, that is, the two do not rhyme, as they do in GenAm.
In general, these accents undergo the cot-caught merger, making cot and caught homophonous as /kɒt/. They also have a dwindling group of words with broad A, such as past, half, aunt, can't. Among non-rhotic speakers, the broad A is identical to the sound usually spelled ar, so that past/parsed and aunt/aren't can be homophonous pairs.
The distinction between the vowels of horse and hoarse is maintained in traditional non-rhotic New England accents as [hɒs] (with the same vowel as cot and caught) vs. [hoəs].
Words that have [ɒɹV] in RP (where V stands for any vowel), such as origin, Florida, horrible, quarrel, warren, borrow, tomorrow, sorry, sorrow, all have [ɒɹV] in eastern New England, unlike GenAm where most have [ɔɹV] (except the last four in the list, which have [ɑɹV] in GenAm as well).
The eastern New England accents have not undergone many of the vowel mergers before intervocalic [ɹ] found in General American. For example, many accents in this region preserve the distinction between [ɪəɹ] (as in nearer /nɪəɹə/) and [ɪɹ] (as in mirror /mɪɹə/), as well as the distinction between [ʌɹ] (as in hurry /hʌɹi/) and [ɜ] (as in furry /fɜɹi/).
Like some other east-coast accents as well as AAVE, some accents of eastern New England merge [oɹ] and [ʊɹ], making homophones of pairs like pour/poor, more/moor, tore/tour, cores/Coors etc.
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New York City and northern New Jersey
Main article: New York-New Jersey English
As in Eastern New England, the accents of New York City and northern New Jersey are traditionally non-rhotic. But the vowels of cot ([kɑt]) and caught ([kɔət]) are distinct; the former is distinct from that of cart (/kɑət/) only by being short and monophthongal.
The accent is well attested in American movies and television shows. Bugs Bunny and Groucho Marx both had a Brooklyn accent. The accent is often exaggerated, but it still does exist to some degree with many Brooklyn natives. A more contemporary version of this can be found on the popular television show The Sopranos, which is set in Essex County, New Jersey. However, it is important to note that the dialect portrayed on this television show does not apply to citizens of the entire state; it is a particular socio-ethnic accent.
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Mid-Atlantic Region
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Northeastern Pennsylvania
The dialect of the Wyoming Valley (including Scranton and Wilkes-Barre) is Northeast Pennsylvania English.
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Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley
Main article: Philadelphia accent
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The accent of Philadelphia and nearby parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, is probably the original ancestor of General American. It is one of the few coastal accents that is rhotic, and one of the first to merge the historical [oɹ] of hoarse, mourning with the [ɔɹ] of horse, morning. It also maintains the cot-caught contrast, unlike New England and western Pennsylvania. Nevertheless there are differences between modern Philadelphia speech and General American, some of which will be outlined here.
* "Water" is sometimes pronounced /wʊdɚ/, that is, with the vowel of wood
* As in New York-New Jersey English, but unlike General American, words like orange, horrible, etc., are pronounced with [-ɑɹ-]. See English-language vowel changes before historic r: "Tory-torrent merger".
* On is pronounced [ɔn], so that, as in the South and Midland (and unlike New York and the North) it rhymes with dawn rather than don.
* The [oʊ] of goat and boat is fronted, so it is pronounced [ɞʊ], as in the Midland and South.
* The phoneme [æ] undergoes æ-tensing in some words; fewer words have the tense [eə] in Philadelphia than in New York City.
* As in New York City and Boston, there is a three-way distinction between Mary, marry, and merry. A recent development is a merger of the vowel of merry with Murray.
* Canadian raising occurs for [aɪ] (price) but not for /aʊ/ (mouth)
* There is a split of [eɪ] (face) so at the end of a word (for example, day) it sounds like it does in Australia, while in any other position (for example, date) it is pronounced more like [i]. Commonly confused words include eight and eat, snake and sneak, slave and sleeve.
* South Philadelphia has been known for r-dropping, even though it has never been a characteristic of the rest of the region.
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Baltimore, Maryland
See the separate article on Baltimorese
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Pittsburgh
The Pittsburgh English has a number of distinctive features. Please refer to that article for more information.
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South
Main article: Southern American English
* monophthongization of [aɪ] as [aː], for example, most dialects' "I" → "Ah" in the South.
* Coastal Southern speech (also some East Coast) is non-rhotic.
* [e] and [i] merged before nasal consonants, for example "Wendy" becomes "Windy", "pen" becomes "pin", and so forth.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, [j] (the y sound) is retained before [u] after the consonants [t], [d], [θ], [s], [z], [n], and [l].
* In the Deep South, vowels tend to take the hard sound more often, for example, "on" and "own" are similar; "can't" and "ain't" and "glass" and "face" also might rhyme.
* Some verbs have alternate meanings not found in other regions. For example, 'cut' the light off, or 'mash' the buttons
In Greater Houston several words beginning with the letter H are pronounced with a y in place of the h:
* Houston becomes youston
* Humid becomes yumid (yumidity, etc.)
* Human becomes yuman (yumanity, yumankind)
* Huge becomes youge
* Humble becomes umble. The residents of Humble, Texas in the Greater Houston Area are known to use this pronunciation.
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New Orleans
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While including such characteristics of the Southern U.S. English as using "y'all" for second person plural, the New Orleans accent is so unlike the rest of the South and so similar to that of New York City that New Orleanians traveling in other parts of the USA are often mistaken for New Yorkers.
Many pronunciations are surprisingly similar to that found in New York City and northern New Jersey, presumably arising from a similar mix of immigrants. Parallels include the split of the historic short-a class into tense [eə] and lax [æ] versions, as well as pronunciation of cot and caught as [kɑt] and [kɔt]. The stereotypical New York curl-coil merger of "toity-toid street" (33rd Street) used to be a common New Orleans feature, though it has mostly receded today.
Perhaps the most distinctive New Orleans accent is locally nicknamed "yat", from a traditional greeting "Where y'at" ("Where are you at?", meaning "How are you?"). One of the most detailed phonetic depictions of an extreme "yat" accent of the early 20th century is found in the speech of the character Krazy Kat in the comic strip of the same name by George Herriman. While such extreme "yat" accents are no longer so common in the city, they can still be found in parts of Mid-City and the 9th ward, as well as in St. Bernard Parish, just east of New Orleans.
The novel A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole is generally considered the best depiction of New Orleans accents in literature.
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Central and South Florida
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The speech used in the urban and coastal areas of Central and South Florida (everything south of and including Orlando) is noticeable for not being a typical southern accent, because a large proportion of the inhabitants of the area are either natives of the Northeast (and therefore speakers of accents like New York-New Jersey English) or else native Spanish speakers (predominantly from Cuba.) The accents heard in some parts of this region, especially in older communities such as Aventura, Boca Raton, or West Palm Beach, are that of the typical New Yorker. However the southern dialect is still predominantly spoken in the rural and inland areas of Central and South Florida.
In Miami alone, as of the 2000 Census, there are over 145 different languages spoken throughout many communities in Miami and its surrounding areas. Numerically, the strongest of these is Spanish. Most people visiting Miami for the first time complain that they couldn't communicate with the locals because they didn't speak Spanish. There are even stories of going through a drive-through at a fast food restaurant and being greeted in Spanish, then French, and then English (this is likely extremely rare and confined to one specific location, however). This is especially notable on 8th street (or Calle Ocho) where almost everyone is a native Spanish speaker. This results in "Spanglish", a code-switching conglomeration of English and Spanish. "Escuche Maria, he said to meet him al taller, 'ta bien?" (Hey Maria, he said to meet him at the garage, okay?).
In terms of speakers, the next highest minority languages are, in from greatest to least, Haitian Creole, Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, Russian, and Chinese. This makes Miami a very difficult place to pinpoint any certain "accent." However, close inspection reveals the development of a distinct Miami accent, one which is strongly and not surprisingly influenced by Spanish, but not simply English spoken with a Spanish accent. It is best described as General American English modified by somewhat subtle Spanish inflections, especially in the vowels.
This developing Miami accent is spoken primarily by second and third-generation Hispanics whose first language is English. Similar to the regional accents of the Northeast and the Northern Plains, it is derived from the ethnic characteristics that shape the city's population. Although it is strongly influenced by Spanish, it is not to be confused with a heavily-accented or broken English spoken by many non-native Hispanic speakers. The Miami accent might be considered as the next evolutionary step after the thick Spanish accent of recently-arrived immigrants. Due to its limited extent and exposure, it is hard to recognize or pinpoint by those outside South Florida, and many people either identify it as a generic Spanish accent or as a flat and non-deterministic accent.
There is a possibility that this "accent" may evolve into another separate one, or disappear entirely. However, due to the steady flow of Hispanic immigration and close contact with Latin America, this accent has a good chance of persisting and better defining itself in future generations.
Overall, standard linguistic rules tend to be difficult to apply in a general sense here; thus, this analysis is mostly demographic in nature.
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Inland North
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A distinctive speech pattern is centered on the Great Lakes region. This is the Inland North dialect - the "standard Midwestern" speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century, though it has been recently modified by the northern cities vowel shift.
This area consists of western New York State (Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse), parts of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (Detroit, Ann Arbor, etc.), Cleveland, Chicago, Gary, and Southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Racine).
* By the Northern cities vowel shift, cad, cod, cawed, Ked, and cut are pronounced [keəd], [kad], [kɑd], [kʌd], and [kɔt], respectively.
* The starting point of /aʊ/ (for example, mouse, down) is pronounced noticeably in the back of the mouth ([mɑʊs], [dɑʊn]), while /aɪ/ (mice, dine) is much further front: ([maɪs], [daɪn]).
* The long-o of "bone" and "goat" is rounded and pronounced far back.
* The word "on" rhymes with "don," not with "dawn."
* Canadian raising is found in areas close to the Canadian border.
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The Midland
West of the Appalachian Mountains begins the broad zone of what is generally called "Midland" speech. This is divided into two discrete subdivisions, the North Midland that begins north of the Ohio River valley area, and the South Midland speech; sometimes the former is designated simply Midland and the latter is reckoned as Highland Southern. The North Midland speech continues to expand westward until it becomes the closely related speech of California, although in the immediate San Francisco area the speech more closely resembles that of the mid-Atlantic region.
The South Midland dialect follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moves across Arkansas and Oklahoma west of the Mississippi, and peters out in West Texas. It is a version of the Midland speech that has assimilated some coastal Southern forms, most noticeably the loss of the diphthong [ɑɪ], , which becomes [ɑː], and the second person plural pronoun "you-all" or "y'all." Unlike Coastal Southern, however, South Midland is a rhotic dialect, pronouncing /r/ wherever it has historically occurred.
Midland dialects cover of the larger parts of Ohio, Indiana, and central Illinois which are not in the Inland North, as well as Missouri, southern Iowa, northern Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska where it begins to blend into the West, and even extends into a small extreme southern parts of Michigan's lower peninsula.[1]
* In some rural areas, words like "roof" and "root" get the vowel of "book" and "hoof"
* People who pronounce "don" and "dawn" differently pronounce "on" to rhyme with "dawn" and not "don"
* St. Louis has a distinctive accent, see the section on it below.
* South Indiana has a distinctive accent, locally known as the "Hoosier Twang" (a well-known speaker is actor Jim Nabors, who played Gomer Pyle on TV and has for many years sung "Back Home In Indiana" before the Indy 500 race).
South Midlands speech is characterized by:
* monophthongization of [ai] as [aː], for example, most dialects' "I" → "Ah" in the South.
* raising of initial vowel of [au] to [æu]; the initial vowel is often lengthened and prolonged, yielding [æːw].
* nasalization of vowels, esp. diphthongs, before [n].
* raising of [æ] to [e]; can't → cain't, etc.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, glides ([j], the y sound) are inserted before [u] after the consonants [t], [d], [θ], [s], [z], [n], and [l].
* South Midlands speech is rhotic. This is the principal feature that distinguishes South Midland speech from the non-rhotic coastal Southern varieties.
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Midwest
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North Central American English
(Minnesota (esp. rural), Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota)
* As in most North American accents, [ɒ] is merged with [ɑ], so that father rhymes with bother.
* Canadian raising: see section on Canada.
* "roof", "book", and "root" all use the same vowel [ʊ]); "root" may be pronounced as rhyming with "scoot," however
* Use of German/Scandinavian "ja", pronounced as either /jaː/ or /jæː/, as an affirmative filler or emphatic; Standard U.S. English "yes" is used in formal settings to answer questions and to start an explanation.
* Tendency towards a "sing-songy" intonation (the area's earliest European settlers were primarily Scandinavian, and this has influenced the local dialect). More recently, this has been reinforced by an influx of Asians, most of whom speak tonal languages. In urban Minnesota, this variation of NCAE is referred to as "Minnewegian," a portmanteau of Minnesota and Norwegian.
* For a stereotypical (although very overdone) example, refer to the movie Fargo. For a more normative example, Garrison Keillor speaks with a typical Minnesota accent.(Note: most southern, even rural, Minnesota accents sound more like the northern Iowan accent. More distinct accents up in the northern areas are still much less de
就象我国分南北区域南方口音和北方口音是不同的,而标准的又是以北京口音为准,同样美国也是如此.
不同的州，美语都有那些不同口音？视频
相关评论：
卢竹征答：美国口音主要是以南北区分, 但各个地方也有自己的口音, 这个地方不一定是用州来划分的, 像东北, 西北下面文章有详细的地方口音分别, 但是英文的Written English is standardized across the U.S., and in schools abroad specializing in American English, although it differs slightly from the written British-ba...
卢竹征答：美语有各种方言。美国不同地方的人本来口音就有差别，类似于中国各地的方言，但相对来说由于讲的都是英语，所以区别不是太大，更接近于中国北方的人讲普通话一样，各有各的口音。美式英语在音韵上是趋于保守的。有人认为一些北美乡下的口音和伊丽莎白一世时期的英语一样。不过与当代英格兰本土口音相比，美...
卢竹征答：美国有一个东西叫标准美音，英文叫GA(General American)，而真正说这种话的人仅限于美国中西部的一个很小的地区，包括爱荷华州、伊利诺伊州、密苏里州的一部分，被一部分人认为是标准的无口音的美语。并非所有人承认这个东西，有人认为东岸的费城的口音才是标准的美国口音。典型的地方口音之一是纽约波士顿...
卢竹征答：在New york，那些在纽约的人的发音偏向鼻音。像猫叫有时，不管男人还是女人。在Texas德克萨斯州，黑人居多，说的英语，咱基本上都听不出来了，浊音发音很重，在california，加利福尼亚，也就是hollywood，那里因为长期流动人口多而复杂，所以能听到各式各样的。法式的，印度试的，其实在其他地方也是~在ohio...
卢竹征答：加州口音是标准美语。美语美国英语，分几种口音，比较特别的有纽约口音（参见wolf of wall street），南方口音（参见the help），路易斯安那（creole accent混合了法语，可以说是最不一样的），中西部口音（一般都在大农村）。加州口音基本就是标准美式口音了。美国英语简介 美国英语（American English 或 ...
卢竹征答：美国南部口音的特点就是拖长音，什么元音都拖的老长，而且词与词当中没有停顿，通通连读。再加上南方人爱用鼻音，他们的对话听起来就像两个感冒的人在聊天。事实上南方口音是很容易遭到嘲笑的。布什总统在德州度过大半生，讲话略带南方口音。著名心理节目主持人Dr.Phil McGraw是南方人，讲话口音很重。
卢竹征答：马塞诸塞州这些东北角的州。另外西部加州沿海一带，我们听他们讲话也比较多，所以也比较好听，语言就是听多了就觉得它标准的东西。美国最臭名昭著的是所谓的南方口音，典型是以露易斯安纳等南方州为首的英语，巨难听无比。。。我过去在佛罗里达，英语也不大好听，很多人讲的西班牙口音的。
卢竹征答：美式英语不太过分强调标准音，各州都会带有自己的口音和特色，类似于中国的各地方言。如果一定要说标准那就是GENERAL ENGLISH，美国播音员和演员多采用这种发音方式。美国英语大体可以分为三种口音：东部美国音、南部美国音和普通美国音。美国口音最大的特点是儿化音比较多。字母r在元音和辅音的时候都会发出...
卢竹征答：美国也是如此 我们现在所说的美式英语是指美国东部13个州美国标准英语 类似于中国的普通话 很多美国西部人的口音相当重，比如BUSH总统就有非常重的西部口音。除了地域差异以外，美国的不同阶层中的口语也有区别，比如黑人英语，白人英语，印度英语等等等等。所以 怎么能说美国人各地口音差别不大呢 只要仔细...
卢竹征答：不同口音中的[æ]音拉长变化。宾夕法尼亚州到纽约市这带地方的口音中就很明显,如“Yes, I can [kæn]”和“tin can [keən]”。 在弱化元音之前,[t]和[d]音都变成齿龈轻击音,如ladder和latter几乎是同音字,也许祗能通过前面元音的拖长程度来区分。有的时候这种合并并不完全,在各地情况也不一样...
