人教版英语初二上归纳

人教版八年级上册英语期中复习归纳。急!!!~

1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take (much) exercise
=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although=though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping
=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course=certainly=sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables
=many vegetables许多蔬菜
36. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
37. keep/be in good health保持健康
II. 应掌握的句子：
1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”
(“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”
(“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)
“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”
(“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的
-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
　As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
　As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。(As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是
介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .　这里pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示
“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:
You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .　
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.　
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词

Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情

stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth

They are all busy with their work.

10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth

would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth

feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth

You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.

13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?

14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾

instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on
强调动作
wear 强调状态

in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的
、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的
, 当主句是：
态、含
或
的情况下，从句用
表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型

I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间
, 当从句是
态时，主句往往用
,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to
.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作
或
，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的
:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.

24.
enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.
little , a little 修饰
;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left,
.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （
中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词,
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词,
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.

有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t.

要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.

：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody.
Something常用于
和表示请求的疑问句中 ， anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，not anything = nothing
;

without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?

I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.

: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用
， 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.

learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.

：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.

：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！
What a nice day it is !
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用
，
或情态动词来做，
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的
和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,

不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,

比较级用在：than ，
a little + ，
much + ,
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中，

one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的
：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语，谓语动词采用
；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American.




参考：http://wenku.baidu.com/view/640026dca58da0116c174930.html

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
知识点：
1．一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。
1） 一般在动词后加-s词尾。如，come-comes live-lives
2） 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
3） 以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
1． 主语为第三人称单数时一般现在时的结构
肯定式：主语+ 谓语动词的第三人称单数+其他。
He likes bananas a lot. 他非常喜欢吃香蕉。
否定式：主语+助动词（doesn’t）+动词原形+其他。
She doesn’t like milk.她不喜欢喝牛奶。
疑问式：助动词（Does）+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+does.
否定回答：No, 主语+doesn’t.
-Does Kate like meat? 凯特喜欢吃肉吗？
-Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。
-No, she doesn’t. 不，她不喜欢。
2．频度副词的用法
1）频度副词是表示动作频率的词汇，常用的有always100%,usually80%,often50%,somtimes30%,hardly ever2%never0%
2）频度副词的位置
a) 放在连系动词，助动词或情态动词后面
b) 放在行为动词前
c) 有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调
Sometimes I walk home,sometimes I go home by bus.
【注意】never放在句首时，主语，谓语动词要倒状。
Never have I learnt this word.我从没学过这个词。
3．词语辨析：
1）
a) good, fine, well, nice
good是通用词，可以表示各种品质方面的优异，从美学到道德规范几乎都可以使用。
It is an old film, but it’s very good.
b) fine表示“上好的，精细的”，也可以表示“美好的”，天气“晴朗的”。
She always wears fine clothes.她总穿好衣服。
It is fine sand.这是细砂。
It is a fine day today. 今天天气晴朗。
c) well表示身体“无病的，健康的“
d) nice表示使人感到“愉快的，好的“
2）every day, everyday
every day作状语；everyday作定语
3）some time, some times, sometime, sometimes,
a)some time表示“一些时间”，此处time为不可数名词“时间”，如
Don’t worry. We have sometime.别着急，我们还有些时间。
b)some times表示“一些次数/倍数”，此处time为可数名词“次数/倍数”。
I have been to Hong Kong some times.我去过香港好几次了。
c)sometime表示“在某个时候”，且多指将来
We are going to HongKong sometime next summer.明年夏天的某个时候，我们将要去香港。
d)sometimes表示“有时，不时”，意思与at times相近，且多指现在的情况。
My family sometimes goes to Hong Kong for vacations.我们家有时去香港度假。
4）all, most, some ,no
这四个词都是用来表示大概的数量，但是他们所表示的程度不同：all所有的,most大部分的，some一些，no 没有。如，all boys所有男孩，most boys大部分男孩，some boys一些男孩，no boys 没有男孩。
5）health, healthy
Health意思是“健康”，为名词；而healthy是在health的词尾加上加上y,变成形容词，意思是“健康的”。它们的用法也不大相同：health一般只作主语或宾语；而healthy多作定语或表语。
类似的词汇还有很多，要注意区分：sleep-sleepy, luck-lucky,mood-moody
6)kind, kind of, a kind of
Kind有两种基本意思：1。作名词，意思是“种类，类型”；2。作形容词，用来形容热，意思为“仁慈的，友善的，善良的”.

◆ unit2 What’s the matter?
目标语言：Talk about your health and give advice
重点句型：What’s the matter?=What’s the trouble?= What’s wrong with you?
I have a sore throat. You should drink some hot tea with honey.
I have a stomacke. You should lie down and rest.
I have a toothache. You should see a dentist.
I have a fever. You should drink lots of water.
That’s a good idea.
I am not feeling well.
When did it start? About three days ago.
That’s too bad.
I think so.
I hope you feel better soon.
Do you have a headache? Yes, I do.
I am tired. You should go to bed early.
I am stressed out. You should listen to music.
I am thirsty. You should have a drink.
I am hungry. You should eat an apple.
重点词组：lie down, hot tea with honey, lots of water,advise sb to do.
go to bed, listen to music, healthy lifestyle, believe in, for example, too much, be good for, a balanced diet, get tired, stay healthy, stressed out, hope todo, wish sb to do, at the moment, improve on/upon, host family，on the other hand
知识点：
1. I am sorry to hear that….获悉．．．我很抱歉（遗憾）
I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
2. enjoy用法
enjoy sth.喜爱，欣赏某物I enjoy my job.我喜爱我的工作．
enjoy doing喜欢做某事．I enjoy swimming in summer.在夏天，我喜欢游泳．
enjoy oneself＝have a good time玩得开心 We enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday.我们在昨天的聚会上玩得很开心．
3．hope的用法
hope to do希望做某事I hope to work with you. 我希望能同你一起工作．
hope+clause . I hope (that) he will be better soon.我希望他快些好起来．
【注意】如果想表示希望某人做某事要用wish sb to do如，I wish him to come．我希望他来．
4. Until的用法：
Until 和 till的意义相同，都有“直到”，“直到．．．才”，”在．．．以前不”的意思．它们的使用方法为：
1) 作介词: 作介词，后面通常接表时间的名词或短语．如We are back until/till3o’clock.三点种我们才回来．
2) 作连词： 作连词时，until和till引导时间状语从句．如 Go along this road until you see the park沿着这条路走，直到你看到公园为止。
【注意】1）以上的状语从句的例句都是从句在主句之后，如果把从句放在主句之前，那么，引导词用till.如Till you come back, I won’t leavehere.直到你回来我才回离开这。
2)主句的动作是终止性的，要用not…until／till句型。
5.can 的用法
Can意思为”能，会”，是情态动词，其后接动词原形，否定形式为can not，缩写为can’t．过去式为could，could有时用于一般现在时态，语气比can 委婉．
1) 表示能力．I can sing我会唱歌。
2) 表示惊讶，不相信等态度，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。
Can it be hers?这能是她的吗？
You can’t be serious.你不会当真吧。
3）表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。
Can I smoke here?我能在这儿抽烟吗？
6.too much, much too, too many
too much 表示“太多”，用来修饰不可数名词；much too表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词；too many表示“太多”，用来修饰可数名词的复数。
7．ago,before
Ago与before都表示“．．．．以前”，但用法有区别：
Ago表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子中．如
He bought the computer two days ago.两天前他买了一台电脑．
Before作为副词时表示1）从过去某个时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中；笼统的”以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中．如
He had already taken away the computer long before.他早就拿定了电脑．
I have read that novel before．我以前读过这部小说．
8． maybe, may be
maybe adv 或许，大概。其同义词为perhaps.
may be是情态动词+be动词的形式，作谓语，意思为“可能”。
【注意】由于may是情态动词，因此无人称和数的变化，也没有将来时态，即：将来时用现在时来表示。而maybe是副词，不能决定句子的时态，因此要根据具体情况，使用相应的时态。
9keep的用法
keep+形容词. Please keep quiet!
keep+副词 Danger! Keep out!危险！不要靠近！
keep+介词 Keep off the grass!勿践踏草坪！
【相关短语】keep at坚持下去 keep in with保持友好关系
keep in mind 记住 keep on继续 keep up持续不停 keep up with赶上
10．如果其后是明确的疾病名称就要用have，如果其后是表达身体状况的形容词，则用be。如 I have a sore throat. I am tired.
11.a few有一点，表示肯定；后面接可数名词；few几乎没有，极少，表示否定，后面接可署名词；a little有一点，表示肯定，后面接不可数名词；little几乎没有，极少，表示否定，后面接不可数名词。

◆unit3 What are you doing for vacation?
知识点：
1． 现在进行时何时表示非进行意义
“be+现在分词”构成进行时态，表示动作正在发生或进行。但也有特殊情况
1） 表示转移的动词leave,go, come, start等进行时态表将来的时候，时常伴有意图，安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常常表示最近或较近的将来。He is leaving fro London tomorrow.他明天就要去伦敦。
2） 表示将来的现在进行时除用转移动词外，也可以用某些非转移动词。如，
When I grow up, I am joining the army.我长大要参军。
3） 频度副词always, forever,continually等和进行时连用，带有一定的感情色彩， 泛指一切时间内所做的事情，或者表示客观事实。这种用法比较口语化，也比较生动。
The earth is always turning.地球转个不停。
2． Leave的用法
1） “leave+地点”表示“离开某地”如，When did you leave Changchun?
2） “leave for+地点”表示“离开去某地” 如She is leaving for London.
3） “leave+地点+for +地点”表示“离开某地去某地”
Why are you leaving Changchun for Wuhan?
3.finish doing做完某事
4．Hear的用法 hear-heard-heard
1）hear+that引导的从句。That可省略不用。如
I hear there’s an interesting film tonight.
2）hear sb do sth听见某人做某事。如
I hear her sing every day.
3)hear sb doing听见某人正在做某事。如
I hear him singing in the next room.
5.all, both
all“全部，都”，指三者或三者以上事物；both“都”，指两者。
6.about, on关于
About指的内容较为普通，不那么正式，含有随便谈论的意味。如
I know nothing about the matter.我对这事一无所知。
On指的内容较为严肃或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读或参考。
He has written lots of books on the history of Japan.他写了许多关于日本史的书。
7．this summer指“今年夏天”，象这样有this, that ,these, those,next等修饰的词作时间状语时前面不需要加介词。
8．Famous的用法
Be famous for 因。。而闻名； be famous as作为。。。而闻名
9．Problem, question“问题”
Question是对某事怀疑因而提出的需要考虑，讨论，等待回答的问题；problem是客观存在的，等待解决的问题。
Question常与动词ask ,answer连用；problem常与动词solve连用。
10．Forget的用法forget-forgot-forgotten
forget to do sth忘记去做某事。表示动作尚未发生；forget doing sth忘记做过某事。表示动作已经发生。Remember用法与forget相同。
11．Decide的用法
decide to do sth决定做某事；decide on doing sth/sth决定，取决；make a decision做决定
12．Think about, think out, think over, think of
think about考虑，回想 He thought about going to Greece or Spain.他考虑去希腊还是西班牙。
think out想出 We thought out a perfect way at last.我们最后想出了绝妙的方法。
think over仔细考虑，认真考虑 Please think it over, I am sure you can get the answer.
think of 考虑，设想，想起等，常用于否定句，与could,should,would连用，表示“有。。。想法（念头）”。You shouldn’t think of that.你不该那么想。
13．Visitor ,guest
Visitor指访问者，探访者，来客等。Guest指客人，来客。如果你是一个visitor，说明你想去访问某人或参观某地；如果你是一个guest，就是指你是受某人邀请的客人或者是应邀到其家中作客，或者应邀去吃饭，或者应邀去听音乐会，看戏等，guest也指旅馆的旅客。
14．Go+doing通常表示去做某些活动。如，go camping去野营， go fishing去钓鱼
15．Sound, noise
Sound系常用词，泛指“任何声音，不论高低，大小，是否悦耳或有无意义”。如 the sound of footsteps脚步声；noise 指“任何混杂，嘈杂，刺耳或起干扰作用，令人厌烦的声音”。
16．Rent的用法
Rent即为可数名词rent out 出租，租出；rent at以。。。出租
17．Comlete,finish
Finish表示过去某个时候着手做的事已经做完，或者表示对已经做完的事情进行精密加工；complet侧重表示做完或完成某工作，特别是一项任务，或者把某工作圆满结束。

◆ unit4 How do you get to school?
知识点：
1．How 问句简介
1）how询问交通方式
-How can I get to the railway station?我怎样才能到火车站？
-You can take the No.5 bus.你可以乘五路公共汽车。
2)how询问身体状况
-How is your father?你爸爸身体怎么样？
-He’s fine. 他很好。
-How is everything going?一切进展得怎么样？
-Everything goes well with me.我一切都好。
3）how far询问距离
Could you tell me how far it is from here to your home?你能告诉我从这到你家有多远吗？
4） how long询问物体的长度或时间的长度
-How long is the Long River?长江有多长？
-It’s about 6300kilometres.大约6300千米长。
-How long did you live here?你住在这多久了？
-For about 4years.四年了
5）how old询问年龄
You want to know how old he is?你想知道他多大吗？
6）how often询问频率
-How often does she play football?他多久踢一次足球？
-Every day.每天（都踢）。
7）how soon询问多久以后会发生某事
-How soon will she come back? 她多久回来？
-She will come back in an hour. 她一个小时后会回来。
8）how many/much询问数量，how much还可以询问价格
How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生？
How much money does this cost? 这要多少钱？
2．表达交通方式的方法
1）take+a(the)+交通工具: take the bus
2) go to…on foot 步行去。。。
ride to… 骑车去。。。
drive to…. 开车去。。。
fly to…. 飞往。。。
sail to… 坐船去。。。
3）by+交通工具 乘，坐
by air, by plane乘飞机；by sea，by ship乘船；by bike骑车；by car坐车
4）in(on)+冠词（形容词性物主代词）+交通工具 表示“乘，坐）
In多用于带舱或车厢的交通工具，侧重于封闭式的交通工具，in the bus
On多用于开放式或封闭式，on the bike
3．“花费”的几种说法
a) take“花费”：It takes sb. some time to do
It takes some time for sb to do
Sth takes sb some time to do(主语多为工程，项目)
The bridge will take us three years to build.
Sb takes some time to do
I took a month to read this book.
b)cost“ 花费”，主语一般是要买的东西的名词
The book cost me five yuan.
c) pay主语为人，其宾语可以是人也可以是钱。pay+money+for+sth.
I will pay five yuan for this book.
d) spend“花费”：spend+time/money+(in)doing
I spent five yuan in buying this book.
spend+time/money+on sth
I spent five yuan on this book.
Spend除了花费讲以外，还有度过，消磨的意思，spend…with friends和朋友共度好时光。
4．quick,fast
Quick常指反应快或表示某事在比较短的时间内发生或完成。如
He had breakfast quickly.他很快吃完午饭。
Fast侧重于指人或物体具有动作快的特点。如
Run as fast as you can .尽可能的快跑。
5．get to, reach, arrive in/at“到达”
get to+地点名词，但跟here,there,home等词要省略to,如get here; reach+地点名词；arrive in+大地方；arrive at+小地方
6．home,family,house
Home指一个人出生或居住的地方（也许不是房屋，而是帐篷或船等）；family指家庭或家庭所有成员，【注意】当family表示“家庭”，将“家庭”看作一个整体时谓语用单数；当family强调家庭成员时谓语用复数；house指家庭居住的房屋。
7．stop,station
stop一般指公共汽车在马路上停止，乘客上下车的站点；station一般指始发站。
8．must”在反意疑问句中的用法
1. must作“必须”解释， mustn't作“不允许”解释时
They must clean the floor, mustn't they/needn't they?
他们必须擦地板，是不是？
We must stay at home, mustn't we?
我们必须留在家里，是不是？
We mustn't be late, must/may we?
我们不许迟到，是不是？
2. must表示推测时：
They must be playing basketball, mustn't they?
他们肯定在打篮球，是不是？. You must be more careful. 你必须更小心。
(1) 情态动词must意为“必须”，“应该”，表必要性；用第一人称时，表示说话人认为有义务、有必要（做某事）；用第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的命令或要求别人做某事。其否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该”，表示“禁止”、“警告”，回答must引出的问句时，否定回答常用need not（needn’t）或don’t have to表示“不必”。例：—Must I finish my homework before eight? 我必须在八点前完成作业吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须这样。/不，你不必这样。
但在带有must的反意疑问句中，其后半句简略疑问式不能用needn’t，仍用mustn’t. 例： She must do the work, mustn’t she?
（2）must在肯定句中可以表示“一定是”，表示不可避免性，肯定性，把握大的推测。此时，它的否定式应用can’t，表示“不可能”。例：
It must be more delicious in the paper bags, in the open air. 在户外，装在纸袋里一定会更美味。
注意：have to也有“必须”的意思，它有时态和人称的变化，而must没有。另外，must带有主观因素，意为“一定”，而have to带有客观因素，意为“不得不”
9．other, another, the other, the others, others
Other指“另外的”，后面一般须加名词。She doesn’t like other skirts.
Another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”，或同类中的“另一个，再一个”
The other表示两个事物或人中的“另一个”。One…the other…
The others是the other的复数形式，表示“其余全部”
Others指“另外一些”。Some…others…
10. 一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。
5） 一般在动词后加-s词尾。如，come-comes live-lives
6） 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
7） 以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
11. 形容词的比较级的构成
（1）一般情况+er：cheap—cheaper
（2）以e结尾+r，nice—nicer
（3）重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再+er，big—bigger
（4）辅音字母+y结尾，把y改为i再+er，heavy—heavier
形容词比较级的用法：
句中出现两个比较对象时，该用比较级。常见的句型有：
1. A is ＋比较级＋than B. 意为：A 比B要更……。例如：
He is older than you. 他比你大。
Mary is happier than Tom. 玛丽比汤姆更高兴。
2. Which / Who is ＋比较级，A or B? 意为：A 和B 哪一个 / 谁更……？例如：
Which is bigger, the moon or the earth? 月亮和地球，哪个更大？
Who is taller, you or he? 你和他，谁的个子高？
3. 有时因为被比较对象不需要说出来，句中就会省略“than＋被比较对象”，这时要根据上下文的暗示来判断形容词的级别。例如：
The woman has a son and a daughter. The son is younger. (younger 后省略了than the daughter ) 那个女人有一儿一女，儿子要小一些。
Are you feeling better now? (句末省略了than before ) 你现在感觉好些了吗？
形容词最高级的构成：
1）一般在形容词词尾加-est. ,new-newest
2)以e结尾+st, nice-nicest
3) 重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再+est，big—biggest
4)辅音字母+y结尾，把y改为i再+est，heavy—heaviest
形容词最高级的用法
句中出现三个或三个以上的比较对象时，则要用最高级形式，最高级的前面一般要加the。常见的句型有：
1. A is the ＋最高级＋of / in ... 意为：在……中，A最……。例如：
This apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中，这个最大。
He is the strongest in his class. 他是他们班上最强壮的一个。
2. Which / Who is the ＋最高级，A, B, or C? 意为：在A、 B 、C 中，哪一个 / 谁最……？例如：
Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the cat? 在马、羊和猫中，哪一个最重？
Who is the youngest, your father, your mother, or your aunt? 在你爸、妈和姑姑三人中，谁最年轻？
值得注意的是，当句中出现三者或三者以上的比较对象时，也可以把其中的一个作为比较对象的一方，而其它的所有的比较对象作为另一方，用比较级形式进行比较。例如：
Tom is taller than Kate and Mary.(= Tom is the tallest of the three.) 汤姆是三个人中个子最高的。
Li Lei is older than the other students in his class. (= Li lei is the oldest student in his class.) 李雷是他班上年龄最大的学生。
12.. in,with
In表示使用某种语言，或表示所用的材料或颜色；with强调使用具体工具。
13．Speak, say,talk,tell
Speak指说什么语言。Speak着重开口发声的动作；say指用语言表达自己的思想，强调说的内容；talk指连续性的说话或交谈。常用短语talk to, talk with, talk about; tell 指将一件事，一个故事等告诉给别人。
14．make,have, let都是使役动词。make/have/let sb do.或sb.be made/had/let to do
15.if引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。
16．some time, some times, sometime, sometimes,
a)some time表示“一些时间”，此处time为不可数名词“时间”，如
Don’t worry. We have sometime.别着急，我们还有些时间。
b)some times表示“一些次数/倍数”，此处time为可数名词“次数/倍数”。
I have been to Hong Kong some times.我去过香港好几次了。
c)sometime表示“在某个时候”，且多指将来
We are going to HongKong sometime next summer.明年夏天的某个时候，我们将要去香港。
d)sometimes表示“有时，不时”，意思与at times相近，且多指现在的情况。
My family sometimes goes to Hong Kong for vacations.我们家有时去香港度假。
17．How long与how far
How long多长，用来询问时间，指时间上的长久，how far多远，用来询问距离，指路程上的远近。
18．时间的表达法：
①整点： It's ＋基数词（one, two, …）＋o'clock.
e.g. It's twelve o'clock. 现在12点整。
②几点过几分： It's ＋分＋past＋小时
（基数词） （基数词）
e.g. It's twenty past five. 现在5：20。
③几点差几分： It's＋分＋to＋小时
（基数词）（基数词）
e.g. It's twenty to six. 现在5：40。/现在6点差20。
注意：
A、介词to, past前的分钟通常在30之内，但几点半，通常用介词past.
e.g. It's half past six. 现在6：30。
B、时间的表达有一种简单的方法：即直接用小时＋分钟
（基数词） （基数词）
e.g. It's eight twenty –five 现在8：25。
（3）有关时间的两个句型：
e.g. It's time for school. = It's time to go to school. 到了上学的时候。

Unit One
1. How often do you exercise ? → How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用
Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month .
2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer .
3. What’s your favorite program ? It’s Animal World .
4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。
5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting .
7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
8. She says it’s good for my health . → be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
9. How many hours do you sleep every night ?
10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。
12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . → try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:You’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . → help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . → help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? ＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? → be the same as … / be different from …
16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种”
17. What sports do you play ?
18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
19. You must try to eat less meat . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级
20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

Unit Two
1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。
I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .
3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替
4. When did it start ? About two days ago .
5. That’s too bad .
6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级
7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语
8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数
9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . → It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要
10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构
11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词，stressed out是表语
13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化
14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语
15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now

Unit Three
1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister .
Where are you going for vacation ? Italy .
这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。
2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词are going的作用
3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday .
4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains .
5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。
6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快
7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . → show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看
8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用
9. What’s it like there ? 这里like是介词，而不是动词
10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? → ask sb. sth . 问某人某事
11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! → take a vacation 度假
12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . → think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这里的about和on都是介词
13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” → (1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面
14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . → plan to do sth. 计划做某事
15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside .
16. I just finished making my last movies . → finish doing sth. 完成做某事
17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语，作a good place的后置定语
18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . → leave A for B 离开A地去B地
19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语
20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语，作my vacation的后置定语
21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用
22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from是介词）

Unit Four
1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问
I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot .
How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first … , next … . Then … .
2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问
It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus .
How long does t take you to get from home to school ?
It takes twenty-five minutes . → take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事
3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school .
4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles .
How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school .
疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问
5. In other parts of the world , things are different .
6. In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于
7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .
8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的
9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States .
10. A small number of students take the subway . → a number of = many 许多
11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? → think of 对……有某种看法
12. When it rains I take a taxi .
13. I have a map but in Chinese .
14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman .

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人教版英语初二上归纳视频