关于大熊猫的资料（英文的）

大熊猫的相关资料~

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, literally "black and white cat-foot"; Chinese: 大熊猫; pinyin: dà xióng māo, literally"big bear cat"),[4] also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear[5] native to south central China.[1] It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.[6] Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.[7][8]
The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.[9] As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.
The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.[10][11] A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.[12] As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.[13] Wild population estimates vary; one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals living in the wild,[12] while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000.[14] Some reports also show that the number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.[15] In March 2015, Mongabay stated that the wild giant panda population had increased by 268, or 16.8%, to 1,864.[16] In 2016, the IUCN reclassified the species from "endangered" to "vulnerable".[11]
While the dragon has often served as China's national symbol, internationally the giant panda appears at least as commonly.[citation needed] As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example since 1982 issuing gold panda bullion coins or as one of the five Fuwa mascots of the Beijing Olympics.

【扩展资料】：1、大熊猫（学名：Ailuropoda melanoleuca，英文名称：Giant panda），属于食肉目、熊科、大熊猫亚科和大熊猫属唯一的哺乳动物，体色为黑白两色，它有着圆圆的脸颊，大大的黑眼圈，胖嘟嘟的身体，标志性的内八字的行走方式，也有解剖刀般锋利的爪子。是世界上最可爱的动物之一。2、大熊猫已在地球上生存了至少800万年，被誉为“活化石”和“中国国宝”，世界自然基金会的形象大使，是世界生物多样性保护的旗舰物种。据第三次全国大熊猫野外种群调查，全世界野生大熊猫不足1600只，属于中国国家一级保护动物。截止2011年10月，全国圈养大熊猫数量为333只。大熊猫最初是吃肉的，经过进化，99%的食物都是竹子了，但牙齿和消化道还保持原样，仍然划分为食肉目。野外大熊猫的寿命为18～20岁，圈养状态下可以超过30岁。3、大熊猫是中国特有种，现存的主要栖息地是中国四川、陕西和甘肃的山区。

写作思路：根据大熊猫的特征、历史、地位、生态方面来描写大熊猫的资料。

资料如下：

Pandas are one of the most precious animals in the world

熊猫是世界上最珍贵的动物之一。

They are white and black

他们是黑白相间的。

They look fat and funny

他们看起来又胖又有趣。

Theyeat bamboo

它们以竹叶为食。

People all over the world like them very much

全世界的人都很喜欢他们。

There used to be many pandas in China long ago

很久以前中国有很多熊猫。

As the balance of nature was destroyed and the weather was getting warmer and warmer， pandas became less

随着大自然的平衡被破坏，天气越来越暖和，熊猫变得越来越少。

But at present， the number of pandas is increasing year by year

但目前，大熊猫的数量在逐年增加。

There are now so many pandas that some are being sent to other countries so that people there can enjoy them

现在熊猫太多了，有些熊猫被送到其他国家，以便那里的人们能够欣赏它们。

The biggest nature park for panda in China is in Sichuan

中国最大的熊猫自然公园在四川。

Scientists hope that one day they will have enough pandas to be set free and let them live in the wild again

科学家们希望有一天他们将有足够的大熊猫被放生，让它们再次生活在野外。

Giant pandas live in dense bamboo forests at an altitude of 2,600-3500 meters, where the air is thin all year round, with clouds and mist, and the temperature is below 20°C. Abundant bamboo, topography and distribution of water sources are conducive to this species to build nests and hide and raise young. 

对照译文：大熊猫生活在海拔2600-3500米的茂密竹林里，那里常年空气稀薄，云雾缭绕，气温低于20℃。有充足的竹子，地形和水源的分布利于该物种建巢藏身和哺育幼仔。

Giant pandas are good at climbing trees and love to play. The behavior of climbing a tree is generally a way for the weak to avoid the strong when the proposal is approaching, or to avoid danger, or when they meet each other.

对照译文：大熊猫善于爬树，也爱嬉戏。爬树的行为一般是临近求婚期，或逃避危险，或彼此相遇时弱者借以回避强者的一种方式。

Giant pandas cut half of their eating time every day, and most of the remaining half of the time is spent in their sleep. In the wild, giant pandas sleep for 2-4 hours between every two meals. 99% of the food of giant pandas is bamboo. 

对照译文：大熊猫每天除去一半进食的时间，剩下的一半时间多数便是在睡梦中度过。在野外，大熊猫在每两次进食的中间睡2~4个小时。

There are 12 genera and more than 60 kinds of bamboo plants that can be eaten by giant pandas. The lifespan of giant pandas in the wild is 18-20 years old and can exceed 30 years in captivity.

对照译文：大熊猫99%的食物都是竹子，可供大熊猫食用的竹类植物共有12属、60多种。野外大熊猫的寿命为18-20岁，圈养状态下可以超过30岁。

写作思路：从介绍国宝大熊猫的写作目的、中心主旨入手，以使文章中心思想鲜明、深刻地表现出来，正文：

Panda is one of the most precious animals in the world.

熊猫是世界上最珍贵的动物之一。

They are black and white, and they look fat and interesting. They feed on bamboo leaves. People all over the world like them very much. There were many pandas in China long ago.

它们黑白相间，看起来肥胖而有趣。它们以竹叶为食。全世界的人们都非常喜欢它们。中国在很久以前有很多熊猫。

Later, due to the destruction of ecological balance and the warming of climate, the number of pandas decreased. But now the number of pandas is increasing year by year.

后来因为生态平衡被破坏和气候的变暖，熊猫数量减少了。但现在熊猫数量又在逐年增加。

Even many pandas are sent to other countries so that people can watch them.

甚至有很多熊猫被送往其他国家，以便人们能观赏它们。

The largest panda park in China is in Sichuan. Scientists hope that one day enough pandas will be released to nature, so that they can enjoy the wild life again.

中国最大的熊猫公园在四川。科学家希望有朝一日能有足够的熊猫被放归自然，让它们重享野外生活。

Giant Panda
Range: southwestern China, in six small forest fragments
Habitat: damp, misty forests of bamboo and conifers, in altitudes above 4,000 feet (1,200 meters)

Giant pandas are black and white and loved all over
The giant panda is a national treasure in China and is therefore protected by law. This unique bear has long been revered by the Chinese and can be found in Chinese art dating back thousands of years. The Chinese call their beloved pandas "large bear-cats." People outside of China have been fascinated by giant pandas since they were first described by French Missionary Pere Armand David in 1869. Now, more than 100 years later, the worldwide love for pandas has been combined with international efforts to keep them from becoming extinct.

How did the panda get its colors?
Scientists aren't exactly sure. One theory is that pandas developed the contrasting black and white colors over time so they would stand out in the forest and be able to find each other to mate.

Are giant pandas bears?
For years scientists have wondered whether pandas are bears, raccoons, or in a group all their own. Through studying the genetic code (DNA) in pandas’ cells, scientists have confirmed the panda's relationship with bears. Giant pandas are similar to other bears in their general looks, the way they walk and climb, and their skull characteristics. It's important to know that pandas are bears, because the more we know about pandas, the better we can help them reproduce and survive.

Giant pandas start out small

Giant pandas are only about the size of a stick of butter at birth, and they're hairless and helpless. The panda mother gives great care to her tiny cub, usually cradling it in one paw and holding it close to her chest. For several days after birth, the mother does not leave the den, not even to eat or drink!

Yet despite the attention they receive from their mothers, many young pandas do not survive. Through captive propagation programs in China and other zoos around the world, we are learning more about the care of panda cubs and how to help them reach adulthood.

Bamboo is food and shelter
Bamboo is the most important plant in a giant panda's life. Pandas live in cold and rainy bamboo forests high in the mountains of western China. They spend at least 12 hours each day eating bamboo. Because bamboo is so low in nutrients, pandas eat as much as 84 pounds (38 kilograms) of it each day. Pandas grasp bamboo stalks with their five fingers and a special wristbone, then use their teeth to peel off the tough outer layers to reveal the soft inner tissue. Strong jaw bones and cheek muscles help pandas crush and chew the thick stalks with their flattened back teeth. Bamboo leaves are also on the menu, as pandas strip them off the stalks, wad them up, and swallow them. Giant pandas have also been known to eat grasses, bulbs, fruits, some insects, and even rodents and carrion. At the San Diego Zoo, pandas are offered bamboo, carrots, yams, and special leaf eater biscuits made of grain and packed with all the vitamins and minerals pandas need.

Vocal pandas
Pandas make a bleating sound similar to the sound a lamb or a goat kid would make. It's a friendly sound, a greeting. They don't roar, the way you think of a brown bear roaring. But they do bleat and honk, they sometimes huff, bark, or growl, and young cubs croak and squeal.

Giant pandas face big problems
Today, only around 1,600 giant pandas survive on Earth. There are several reasons why pandas are endangered:

Low reproductive rate— Pandas like to be by themselves most of the year, and they have a very short breeding season when a male will look for a female to mate with. Females give birth to one or two cubs, which are very dependent on their mothers during the first few years of life. In the wild, mother pandas will care for only one of the young. In panda facilities in China, keepers help to hand raise any twin cubs. One baby is left with the mother and the keepers switch the twins every few days so each one gets care and milk directly from the mother.

Bamboo shortages— When bamboo plants reach maturity, they flower and produce seeds, and then the mature plant dies. The seeds grow slowly into plants large enough for pandas to eat. Giant pandas can eat 25 different types of bamboo, but they usually eat only the 4 or 5 kinds that grow in their home range. The unusual thing about bamboo is that all of the plants of one species growing in an area will bloom and die at the same time. When those plants die, pandas move to another area. But now, with humans taking up much of the panda’s habitat, pandas are often unable to move to another area and may face starvation.

Habitat destruction— China has more than one billion people. As people build more cities and farms and use more natural resources, giant pandas lose their homes.

Hunting— When hunters set snares for other animals, like musk deer, the traps often kill pandas instead.

It takes an international effort
Work to keep pandas from becoming extinct crosses oceans and international boundaries. In China, wildlife reserves have been established to ensure that the remaining wild pandas have space to live, eat, and move around without human interference. There is still much that humans do not know about pandas. We must understand how pandas survive, reproduce, and communicate. Researchers at zoos like the San Diego Zoo are studying pandas' scent marking, their nutritional needs, and how they communicate with each other. Working together with Chinese panda experts may help increase the number of giant pandas and ensure the future survival of the giant panda population.

PANDA

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