作文——中学生应如何提高自身的身体健康素（200字）

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　　Mental and Physical Health - mind / body

　　Health
　　"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
　　- Definition of "health", World Health Organisation, 1948.[1]
　　The right to health for all is a fundamental human right. Globally, there has been huge progress in health over the last century although these improvements have not been equal across countries.
　　In developed countries, improvements in nutrition, sanitation, water supplies, hygiene, and living and working conditions brought major improvements in health and life expectancy. Vaccines, antibiotics and improved technology have contributed to saving the lives of millions and taming diseases such as smallpox and diptheria. In many developed countries, average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the last century - by around 30 years.
　　However gaps in health outcomes, both within and between countries, are higher than ever before. Differences in life expectancy between the richest and poorest countries exceed 40 years. Annual government expenditure on health ranges from $20 per person to more than $6,000.[2] New global health threats have also emerged, such as HIV/AIDS which took the lives of 2 million people in 2007 and a further 33 million people were estimated to be living with HIV, two-thirds of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria continues to kill one child every 30 seconds, and there has been almost no improvement in maternal health since 1990, the baseline measurement for progress against the Millennium Development Goals.
　　Yet at the same time in the developed world, the comforts attained during the 20th century have also led to changing health trends, with cardiovascular disease the number-one killer, followed by cancer. More than half the adults in the US are either moderately or morbidly overweight.[3]
　　Recent studies have also shown an increase in mental ill-health at a global level.[4]
　　See also: Mental Health

　　Physical health and mental health are inextricably linked. Action is needed to improve the physical health of people with mental health problems, and to make mental health a key public health priority.
　　Poor mental health is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, while good mental health is a known protective factor. Poor physical health also increases the risk of people developing mental health problems.
　　The Foundation has called for:
　　an increased understanding of the links between physical health and mental health, and that improved mental health reduces the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases
　　mental health to become an integral part of public health agenda, nationally and locally, and for proper investment in public mental health
　　regular physical health checks and accessible physical health care for people with severe mental illness
　　routine assessment of the psychological needs of patients suffering from chronic heart disease and other serious physical conditions
　　a reduction in the inappropriate use of primary and acute hospital services by people with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) by referrals to evidence-based psychological treatments.
　　It is not good enough that many people with mental health problems are likely to have their physical health needs unrecognised or poorly managed: those who use mental health services are less likely than the general population to be offered blood pressure, cholesterol, urine or weight checks, or to receive opportunistic advice on smoking cessation, alcohol, exercise or diet.
　　The Foundation has welcomed the recognition of the links between physical health and mental health in the Coalition Government’s Public Health White Paper Healthy Lives, Healthy People (2010), covering England. The paper rightly recognises mental health to be a key public health issue. White Paper: Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England
　　Background
　　People with diagnoses of severe and enduring mental illnesses are at increased risk for a range of physical illnesses and conditions, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, infections, respiratory disease and greater levels of obesity.
　　The Royal College of Psychiatrists published in 2010 a paper on public mental health, No Health Without Public Mental Health. This included a summary of the research evidence demonstrating the links between mental health and physical health outlined below:
　　Depression is associated with 67% increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, 50% increased mortality from cancer, two-fold increased mortality from respiratory disease and three-fold increased mortality from metabolic disease.
　　Rates of depression are double in those with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure, and triple in end-stage renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease.
　　Depression almost doubles the risk of later development of coronary heart disease. Increased psychological distress is associated with 11%-increased risk of stroke. Depression predicts colorectal cancer, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome later in life
　　People with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die an average 25 years earlier than the general population, largely because of physical health problems. Schizophrenia is associated increased death rates from cardiovascular disease (two-fold), respiratory disease (three-fold) and infectious disease (four-fold).
　　No Health Without Public Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2010
　　The Department of Health’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme has published guidance on Medically Unexplained Symptoms.Medically Unexplained Symptoms Positive Practice Guide (PDF file, 300KB)
　　11% of adult health care costs in the UK are attributable to physical symptoms caused or exacerbated by mental health problems. Between 20% and 30% of consultations in primary care are with people who are experiencing medically unexplained symptoms and have no clear diagnosis.
　　The Coalition Government’s Public Health White Paper: Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England firmly links public health to the inequalities agenda set out by Sir Michael Marmot (Marmot (2010) Fair Society, Healthy Lives (PDF file, 25MB)) There will be a new public health premium, which will give councils money for delivering improvements in health inequalities - and it cites poor mental health alongside classic public health issues such as obesity and smoking.
　　The Foundation has published a series of reports on exercise, diet and smoking, and how they impact on both mental health and physical health.

　　A clear distinction is often made between ‘mind’ and ‘body’. But when considering mental health and physical health, the two should not be thought of as separate.
　　Poor physical health can lead to an increased risk of developing mental health problems. Similarly, poor mental health can negatively impact on physical health, leading to an increased risk of some conditions.
　　Since the founding of the NHS in 1948, physical care and mental health care have largely been disconnected. There is an increasing call on healthcare professionals to consider psychological wellbeing when treating the physical symptoms of a condition and vice versa. You can read about the work we do as a Foundation to lobby government policies on the subject.
　　There are various ways in which poor mental health has been shown to be detrimental to physical health.
　　Depression has been linked to:
　　67% increased risk of death from heart disease
　　50% increased risk of death from cancer.
　　While schizophrenia is associated with:
　　double the risk of death from heart disease
　　three times the risk of death from respiratory disease.
　　This is because people with mental health conditions are less likely to receive the physical healthcare they're entitled to. Mental health service users are statistically less likely to receive the routine checks (like blood pressure, weight and cholesterol) that might detect symptoms of these physical health conditions earlier. They are also not as likely to be offered help to give up smoking, reduce alcohol consumption and make positive adjustments to their diet.
　　These lifestyle factors can influence the state of both your physical and mental health.
　　Exercise
　　Physical activity in any form is a great way to keep you physically healthy as well as improving your mental wellbeing. Research shows that doing exercise influences the release and uptake of feel-good chemicals called endorphins in the brain. Even a short burst of 10 minutes brisk walking increases our mental alertness, energy and positive mood. Read the Let's Get Physical report for more on the positive health benefits of physical activity.
　　Physical activity means any movement of your body that uses your muscles and expends energy. From tending your garden to running a marathon, even gentle forms of exercise can significantly improve your quality of life. For more tips on the ways in which you can build physical activity into your routine, download ourLet’s get physical booklet.
　　Diet
　　Good nutrition is a crucial factor in influencing the way we feel. A healthy balanced diet is one that includes healthy amounts of proteins, essential fats, complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water. The food we eat can influence the development, management and prevention of numerous mental health conditions including depression and Alzheimer’s. Read about the ways in which you can ensure you are getting a balanced diet.
　　Smoking
　　Smoking has a negative impact on both mental and physical health. Many people with mental health problems believe that smoking relieves their symptoms, but these effects are only short-term.

中学生应如何提高自身的身体健康素
1、增强自我了解，悦纳自己，树立信心
增进自我了解，培养自我接受态度，即正确地认识自己，接受自己，乃是青少年学生心理健康的一个重要条件。同学们应该通过实践不断地了解自己品质，并能诚实而平静地分析自己的优点与缺点、成功与失败，发扬优点克服缺点，在学习中根据自己的实际情况努力进取，以自己的良好行为来争得他人的尊敬。自我接纳。树立信心，拥有竞争的勇气。总之，肯定的、积极的自我观念可以有助于我们自强自信，接受现实自我，选择适当目标，寻找良好方法，发挥最大潜力，并从中得到满意的情绪体验，从而丰富自己，完善自己。
2、 面对现实、适应环境，保持乐观的情绪
一个心理健康的人总能与现实保持良好的接触，能对自己周围的事物及环境有较清楚的认识，不会迷惑与彷徨。实事求是地面对和接受现实的考验，保持乐观稳定的情绪，客观上要正确对待，主观上要积极迎战。
3、结交朋友，与人为善，正确处理好各种人际关系
人的心理适应就是对人际关系的适应。中学生人际关系如何直接影响着心理状态。我们应该乐于与他人交往，相处友善，建立起良好的人际关系。参加各种各样有益的活动，在活动中既能增长才干，又可以协调关系，从而促进心理健康发展。我们还要尊敬老师和家长，虚心向长辈学习。
4、 努力学习、懂得休闲
中学生课程多，课业负担重。从整体上看理应把握好每分每秒，但学习的意义并不是一味埋头苦学，使心情压抑，由于长期紧张繁重学习而造成心理压力的学生很多。中学生就应懂得劳逸结合，懂得休闲娱乐放松自己，让自己保持好心境，才能更快恢复体力，调剂大脑，更好地增长知识，提高自信感。
5、正确对待青春期生理和心理变化
同学们应正确地对待自己生理发育内心的变化过程，自觉接受性知识的宣传教育。安排丰富多彩的各种课余生活，从而增进正常的生活情趣，开阔眼界和思想，使我们顺利渡过青春期。

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作文——中学生应如何提高自身的身体健康素（200字）视频