八年级上册英语人教版语法 急急急 要上册人教版的不要太复杂,有例句的还有要注意什么等于那种复习笔记一

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求八年级上册人教版英语语法 急急急急~

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这里是部分新目标八年级英语上册语法复习
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问
职业。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,
所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围)
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always(总是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)
sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)

2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么?
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的
动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,
例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,
因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而
自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做);
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,
如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作
法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提问:1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on
Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.

资料多,放不下
新目标八年级(上)英语复习提纲(全套)
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?

1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的,有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来


Unit 2 What’s the matter?

1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了?
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事,
mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事,
give up doing sth.放弃做某事,
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花(时间)来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)来更愿意(做...)
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过


Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行,
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行,
go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样?
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书,
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40.a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

Unit 4 How do you get to school?


1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about …….怎么样?
4. take the subway 乘地铁
5. ride a bike 骑自行车
6. take the bus乘公共汽车
7. take the train乘火车
8. take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train
(乘坐……车,放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭
12. the early bus 早班车 13. how far多远
14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
16. bus stop公共汽车站,train station火车站,
subway station地铁站,bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18. walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区
21. depend on=depend upon 依靠,靠……决定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多
number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数
26. the number of….的数量,谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地,全世界

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

1. come to one’s party 参加某人的聚会
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. I’d love to 我非常乐意
4. I’m sorry 对不起
5. study for a test为测验而学习
6. go to the doctor 去看医生
7. visit one’s aunt 看望某人的姑姑
8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课
10. too much homework 太多家庭作业
11. much too interesting 有趣得多
12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧
13.Thanks for asking(inviting)谢谢邀请
14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛
15. Birthday Party 生日聚会
16. go to the mall 去购物中心
17. soccer practice 足球练习
18. look for 寻找
19. find out 找到,弄清楚,查明
20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习
21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球
22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙
23. football match足球比赛
24. my cousin’s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会
25. write soon 尽快回信
26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习
27. 给某人打电话的几种说法:
call sb. up, call sb.
phone sb., phone to sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up,ring sb.
give sb. a ring,
give sb. a phone
make a telephone call to sb.
28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上
29. be (go) on vacation 度假
30. next week下周
31. join sb.加入某人一起
32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静,
keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”,
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“(使某人)不停地做某事”,
keep sth. 保存某物
34. culture club 文化俱乐部
35. try to do sth. 努力(企图)做某事,
try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’ best to do sth. 尽力做某事

unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.


1. long hair 长头发
2. How are you? 你身体好吗?
3. How old 多大年纪4. how tall 多高
5. how long ago多久前(的事)
6.more outgoing 比较外向
7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲,企图
8. here are photos of me 这是我的照片
9. as you can see 正如你所看到的
10. in some ways在某些地方
11. we look the same我们看起来一样,
They look different他们看起来不同
12. the same to ……多……是一样的
13. quite the same 完全一样
14. all the same 还是, 同样应……
15. look like 看起来像….一样,而look same 看起来很像
16. go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party
17. a little taller 高一点
18. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物
19. put sth. in sth. 将某物放入某物中
20. make a list of 列出清单
21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服
22. is popular in school 在学校受欢迎
23. is good at sports 擅长体育
24. make me laugh 使我发笑
25. that’s not very important for me 那对我来说并不重要
( be important for sb.)
26. put up举起,抬起,挂起,张贴,建造;
put on穿上,戴上,上演(戏剧);
put down=write down=copy down 写下来;
put out 伸出,扑灭;
put away 收起来,收好;
put off推迟;
put one’s heart into…全神贯注于……,全身心投入……
27. opposite views 相反的观点
28. a weekend teacher 周末教师
29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心
30. elementary school students 小学生
31. be good with children 善于与孩子相处
32. have good grades 成绩出色
33. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话
34. can’t stop talking 不能停止讲话
35. help others 帮助别人,help each other互相帮助
36. in one’s free time在业余时间
37. one of +复数名词(代词)……其中之一
38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…
39. be/feel sorry for sb. 为某事感到同情或难受;
be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或后悔;
be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过;
say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
40. begin with 从……开始
41. next to 在……旁边,紧靠……
42. be famous for 因… 而著名,因……而广为人知;
be famous as 作为……而知名
43. all together 总计,总共
44. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事,
相似的用法有几个感官动词see, let, hear, watch, feel等
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?


1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料(思木西)
2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器
5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源
6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器
7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)
turn up旋大(灯火等),开大(煤气等)调高(声音等),
turn down 把(灯火、电器等)关小一点
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂
9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉
11. two pieces of bread 两片面包
12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起
14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包
13. takes turns doing sth,
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事
15. slices of duck 烤鸭片
16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼
17. make faces 作鬼脸
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误,
make the bed整理床铺
make one’s way to往…走去,
make room for给…腾出地方
18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易
it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难,
It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列
20. a recipe for ……的烹调方法, ……的

Unit 8 How was your school trip?


1. talk about 谈论,talk over谈论
2. give a talk 作报告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话
4. go to the beach去海滩
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去动物园
7. go to the aquarium去水族馆
8. hang out with one’s friends和朋友闲逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir买纪念品
11. have pizza吃比萨饼
12. a famous actor著名的演员
13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名
14. win a prize赢得奖品(奖项)
15. at the aquarium 在水族馆
16. have a great time玩得高兴,过得愉快
17. on the school trip在学校的旅游
18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆
19. the Visitors’ Center游客中心
20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 后来
22. at the end of…在……结束的时候,在……的尽头
23. the Gift Shop礼品店
24. at the beginning of…在..开始的时候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行
26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣
27. make up a story编一个故事
28. go for a drive 开车兜风
30. in the rain在雨中
in the dark在黑暗中\
in the sun在阳光下
in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down=copy down 写下,记下
32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事
33. play computer games打电脑游戏
34. for sale 供销售
35. see you soon盼望很快见到你
36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看
37. win the first prize获得了一等奖
38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员
39. in the future在将来,今后
40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
41. the story goes that…据说……
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日,
in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间
the off season淡季
43. none of… ……当中没有一个
44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨
a light rain一阵小雨
a fine rain 一阵细雨
44. all day = all day long 整天
all night = all night long整夜
Unit 9 When was he born?


1. ping-pong player乒乓球运动员
2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中国杰出的乒乓球运动员
3. start hiccupping 开始打嗝
4. too… to…太……,而不……
5. write music谱写曲子
6. a movie star电影明星
7. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车
8. start learning开始学英语
9. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动
10. a loving grandfather慈爱的祖父
11. spend all one’s free time with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间
12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手
13. ice skating滑冰
14. a kind and loving grandmother和蔼而慈爱的祖母
15. a skating champion 滑冰冠军
16. the famous Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家
17. a small boy(girl)孩提时期
18. at the age of…在……年龄时
19. take part in参加、加入
20. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴
21. major in 主修,专修
22. start for a place=leave for a place动身去…
23. because of 因为、由于

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 (having是实义动词。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
(has是助动词。)

3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
**
英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说,英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....

b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....

c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅

ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)

hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作

(二、) 辨别表动作与表结果的动词

表动作的动词强调动作的发生,不涉及该动词的结果。如:
He looked at the picture. He saw a picture .
前一句中的动词强调"看"这一动作;而后一句中的动词表示"看到"这一结果。类似的还有:tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。

(三、) 记住瞬间动词

英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成.如:
He arrived in paris yesterday.
而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续.如:
They worked until 12 o'clock last night.
特别是在现在完成时态的句子中,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有:arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。

(四、) 掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词

英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类:

a.表状态的连系动词。如:he is a good worker. 除了be 而外,还有:stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。

b.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化,是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如:his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。

(五、) 注意词义相近,用法不同的动词

a.表主观与客观的动词
I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it.
该句中,动词receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西;后者表示 "I" 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有:listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。

b.表直接与间接的动词
He heard that the scientist would come to our school.
He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.
前句中hear的表示直接听说的,而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有:know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。

(六、) 重视多字动词的用法
所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式:
a."动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词,当和一些介词搭配后,则把它看成一个整体,即把它看成一个及物动词。如:
We never thought of such success when we first started.
类似用法的还有:agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...

b."动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的,该结构及物;是不及物的,则不及物。如:
We put off the sports meet.
After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company.
类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....
在这类结构中,必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如:
He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)
He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)
类似的有break down vi.(车等)坏了 vt. 分解,分为 ;
go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习,仔细查看等。

c."动词+副词+介词"结构。如:
We should do away with that sort of thing.
类似的有:give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....

d."动词+名词+介词"结构。该结构是最多,最常见的多字动词。如:
We will take care of them.
类似的有:catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in....
****
说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)

4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well.
她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。

新目标八年级英语上册语法复习http://wenku.baidu.com/view/3d29c437ee06eff9aef807ea.html
新课标八年级初二英语上册语法-练习及讲解 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/23eef51f650e52ea551898aa.html

1、词类:英语词类分十种:
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法:
(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等

买本相应的参考书,比较权威,出错率低,值得信赖。不要为了省钱,误了学业。


八年级上册英语人教版语法 急急急 要上册人教版的不要太复杂,有例句的还有要注意什么等于那种复习笔记一视频

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