帮我想一想：我们英语老师要求我在给全班10分钟内讲一个英语语法或句型！帮一下忙！
英语基本句型：
1.存在句
There be +名词短语+介词短语
There is a television tower in the centre of the city.
There be +名词短语+定语从句
There is a boy at the door who is holding a bunch of flowers.
There be +名词短语+非谓语动词短语
There were ten residents killed in the earthquake.
There are still a lot of problems to be settled.
There is a woman waiting for you in the office.
2.祈使句
Don’t laugh at him.
Never be late for school.
Let’s hold a party tonight.
3.强调句
It is +人+who/that+其他
It’s my sister who bought me this nice shirt.
It was my sister that you met yesterday.
It is +时间/地点/原因/方式+that+其他
It was because of overwork that she got ill.
4.主系表句（主+系动词+表语）
He remained weak.
Silk feels smooth.
She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.
5.主谓宾句
词组宾语
Everybody longs for success and happiness.
宾语从句
I wonder whether you can spare me a few minutes.
不定式宾语
The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
6.主谓宾补句
形容词补语
You shouldn’t have kicked the door open.
Don’t you think it wrong to cheat in exams? (it 为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语)
名词补语
Jack has made Jane an excellent wife.
分词补语
I heard him singing when I passed by his study.
7.方式状语从句
I have changed it as you suggested.
8.结果状语从句
He was so careless that he made many spelling mistakes in his writing.
It is such a popular song that everybody can sing it.
9.目的状语从句
I have been saving money so that I can have a house of my own.
They talked in a low voice in order that they might not disturb us.
He hid in the grass for fear that he might be found.
Better take more clothes in case the weather (should常省略) get cold.
10.比较句
He lives farther from school than I do.
He is as energetic as a young man.
I made as many mistakes as she did.
The more time you spend on English, the better you will learn it.
His house is twice as big as mine.
I prefer coffee to tea.
11.It形式主语句
It difficult for a beginner to read such scientific materials.
It is no use /no good/fun quarrelling with such people.
It is high time that+从句（谓语动词用过去式表示虚拟）（表示该……的时候了。）
It is high time that we began our job application.
12.主句+as if/as though+虚拟语气
He talked as if he ha
自己看语法书啊！
一、反意疑问句的意义及其构成反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例 You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? 你去过北京，是吗？
He hasn’t been to Shanghai, has he ?
二、简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用
1.当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。
例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasn’t he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？
2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。
例 That isn’t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？
These are important reading materials, aren’t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？
3、当陈述句部分是I am…时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren’t I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。
例 I’m late for the meeting, aren’t I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？I’m not doing well, am I?
4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？
5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。 例 There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？
6、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了Let’s 开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we 之外，其余一律用will you ，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过shall you 也包括说话人在内。例Let’s go to see the film together,shall we ? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？
Let us go to see the film together, will you? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？
7当陈述部分是 “had better +动词原形 是，疑问部分用“ had\ hadn’t +主语”
例You’d better go to school now, hadn’t you ？ 你最好现在就去学校，好吗？
8、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
注 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。
例 It’s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？
9、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。
例 What a foolish child (he is), isn’t he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？
10反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下情况
1.)一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
例 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn’t it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？
2.)在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 例 I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？ 注 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
例 Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗？
三 反意疑问句的回答 “ 根据事实回答”
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。
巩固练习 1. ---They don’t seem to answer the phone. ---There isn’t anyone at home, ________?
2 There aren’t many cafes. We’d better stop at the next place we see, _______?
3. Let us take the taxi, _______? Don’t open the door, ?
4. Comrade Li came here yesterday. I don’t believe you’ve seen him before， ？
5.Tom told the story, ? His parents laugh , ?
6.Everyone is here, ? Everything is ok, ?
7.I’m much better today, ?
8.What bad weather! ? How beautiful the flowers are! ?
9 Mary has never been to Beijing, ?
10.This is a book, ? Those are boats, ?
选一个你比较有把握的语法项目或句型，讲一讲它的基本概念、一般用法、注意事项等，再举一些例子证明一下，就行了。
帮我想一想：我们英语老师要求我在给全班10分钟内讲一个英语语法或句型！帮一下忙！视频
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